Touchy

Basically every country agrees not to fuck with each other's stuff. The cost of getting mass to orbit and the rather limited intel that little robot can gather makes it work.

Well before we see Moonraker level satellite theft, we have to contend with the much cheaper "let's just shoot them down" option. This capability is currently only within the reach of countries that already have an active space program or are aligned with a country that does. The worry is if two smaller nations decide to try it to get the upper hand in a conflict.

TL;DR: it's easier to spot rocks on a white background.

I found the article interesting, but I was kinda hoping for it to be something more complex, maybe about orbital planes and whatnot.

Not really any better ways given our current understanding of the universe, and chances are that any new way is also going to be a bomb.

Bombs and rockets work on the same principle; there's a lot of mechanical force created very quickly. In a bomb, it's either exploding all around, or there's something guiding it to where the bad people are. In a rocket, the 'splody bits point out the back to throw the rocket forward.

I assume that this is either for a story or you're a supervillain looking to commit a very complicated crime. Either way, I support the idea.

If space travel is cheap and common, then it would be very difficult to stop other travellers from dropping by. Similarly, if Earth wanted to make a concerted effort to communicate with the colony, then Earth could probably communicate. So you've probably got to look at avoiding communication both ways.

First step: launch a vessel that can convert an asteroid to a low emissions stealth base. Obfuscate the launch with something like a false flight plan.

Second step: destroy all radio technology, delete all information relating to radio technology from the records. No radar, no radio, everything is hardwired.

Yes, provided that we don't kill ourselves off in the next few thousand years. We don't see any known limitations in physics. Most of the technology required is what we already have but better. Once we improve technology to the point we can travel interstellar, it's just a matter of the human will.