glawgii

glawgii OP t1_j1mkdf2 wrote

Reply to A study on volleyball players found that caffeinated chewing gum significantly improved attack accuracy compared to placebo. However, this did not improve results in jumping tests, running tests, and other volleyball specific-skills, including speed tests and accuracy during the volleyball serve by glawgii

>Caffeine is considered the most popular psychoactive drug used by the majority of the general population in the world. Due to its ergogenic effect, it is widely used by athletes of many sports disciplines.
>
>Interestingly, between 1984 and 2004 caffeine was banned in sports competitions, although only in extremely high doses (i.e., representing a concentration of caffeine greater than 12 μg/mL in urine). However, on 1 January 2004, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) decided to remove caffeine from the list of banned substances. Since then, athletes can freely use this substance during competitions. Nevertheless, caffeine has been moved to the Monitoring Program to control the consumption of high doses of caffeine by athletes (i.e., over 6 μg/mL in urine) as they can be harmful to them.
>
>Interestingly, a urinary caffeine concentration greater than 15 µg/mL is still prohibited by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). However, since the ban was lifted for almost all associations, caffeine-containing supplements have been hugely popular in the sports world. It has been shown that up to 75–90% of athletes use caffeine before or during competition. The recommended doses of caffeine intake by athletes are 3–6 mg/kg body mass (BM). This is due to the fact that higher doses of caffeine (9–13 mg/kg BM) do not result in additional benefits, and also increase the risk of side effects.

19

glawgii OP t1_j15zqhb wrote

Reply to Physical activity before COVID-19 infection is associated with less severe outcomes. In a study of 194,191 adults with COVID-19, those who were consistently inactive were 191% more likely to be hospitalized and 391% more likely to die than those who were consistently active. by glawgii

Methods:

>A retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California
adult patients who had a positive COVID-19 diagnosis between January 1,
2020 and May 31, 2021 was created. The exposure was the median of at
least 3 physical activity self-reports before diagnosis. Patients were
categorized as follows: always inactive, all assessments at 10
minutes/week or less; mostly inactive, median of 0–60 minutes per week;
some activity, median of 60–150 minutes per week; consistently active,
median>150 minutes per week; and always active, all
assessments>150 minutes per week. Outcomes were hospitalization,
deterioration event, or death 90 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Data
were analyzed in 2022.

5

glawgii OP t1_j10gr2h wrote

Reply to FDA study finds temporal association for pulmonary embolism (PE) following BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccination of the elderly (65+). No associations were identified following vaccination with either mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or Ad26 COV2.S (J&J) vaccines. Causation was not established. by glawgii

Interpretation:

>This early warning system is the first to identify temporal associations
for PE, AMI, DIC, and ITP following BNT162b2 vaccination in the
elderly. Because an early warning system does not prove that the
vaccines cause these outcomes, more robust epidemiologic studies with
adjustment for confounding, including age and nursing home residency,
are underway to further evaluate these signals. FDA strongly believes
the potential benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the potential
risks of COVID-19 infection.

7