[Australian frontier wars](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars#:~:text=In 1840, the American-Canadian ethnologist Horatio Hale identified,ritual trials, raids for women, and revenge attacks)

>Australian frontier wars is a term applied by some historians to describe violent conflicts between Indigenous Australians (including both Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) and non-Indigenous settlers during the colonisation of Australia. The first conflict took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788, and the last frontier conflicts occurred into the early 20th century, with some occurring as late as 1934. An estimated minimum of 40,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 settlers died in the conflicts. Conflicts occurred in a number of locations across Australia.

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