Submitted by AmTheHobo t3_1175pzi in askscience
Either-snack889 t1_j9a8nsm wrote
Evolution is made up of two parts, broadly speaking: random variation and natural selection. (And sexual selection but I’m leaving that aside for now)
Random variation doesn’t slow down, it’s effectively always bubbling away making the next generation look and function slightly differently. These are effectively copying errors when the genetic code is replicated.
Natural selection can appear to slow down, or halt entirely. This is where organisms try to survive in the world long enough to reproduce, “may the best man win” so to speaks (all genders evolve, it’s just a phrase). As time goes by, the species either becomes better suited to its environment or goes extinct. And there is a limit to how well suited it can become (if nothing else, evolving can in principle get stuck at a dead end).
Such animals are called “living fossils”, and I believe alligators are an example of this. There are some plants also which have barely changed for millions of years, because they are very well suited to their environment and any variation tends to make them worse.
BluetoothXIII t1_j9b4oy8 wrote
Some "living fossils" just don't change their appearance but change genetically
Either-snack889 t1_j9bcutq wrote
That’s super cool to learn, thank you!
Viewing a single comment thread. View all comments