You may have seen the recent hypothesis that evolution towards resistance to the plague bacterium has influenced our susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

https://www.sciencealert.com/the-black-death-shaped-human-evolution-and-were-still-in-its-shadow

Not humans, but I'm not sure that matters based on how you framed the question. Ultimately you want an example of mammalian evolution in the face of an infectious agent. Here's some background on selection in rabbits for resistance to myxoma virus in Australia and France, where the virus was used to try to eradicate rabbit populations (unsuccessfully, obviously).

https://www.science.org/content/article/seventy-years-ago-humans-unleashed-killer-virus-rabbits-heres-how-they-beat-it