The atmosphere accounts for about 60% of global energy transfer (oceans making up the other 40%) from the equator to the poles.

This 60% can be broadly divided into transfer via latent heat (the energy transfered by the evaporation and condensation of water) and "sensible" energy transfer (conduction and convection).

The impact of global climate change is positive "climate forcing," which is the difference between the energy received from the sun (approx 240 W per meter squared after about 30% is reflected due to albedo) and the energy re-emitted by Earth. This difference is due to the greenhouse effect.

Positive climate forcing (about +2 W per meter squared due to Co2 emissions, for example) results in rising global temps.

Felt turbulence, as you defined it, is the result of loads of factors (because the atmosphere is weird) but is widely the result of vertical wind shear. Temperature gradients (i.e energy transfer) contribute to vertical wind shear.

Furthermore, a study by Simon H. Lee et al (link here) established a clear link between anthropogenic climate change, steepening temperature gradients in the upper atmosphere, and vertical wind shear - turbulence.

So, TL:DR: yes, climate change is increasing felt turbulence due to its impact on temperature gradients in the atmosphere.

Apologies for formatting, on mobile.

Edit: formatting and fixes