Brownian motion, water phase diagrams, triple point, and the relationship between Pressure and and Temperature. These topics will cover the idea well enough.

https://www.expii.com/t/phase-change-diagram-of-water-overview-importance-8031

one way to understand it is as the solid goes to liquid the molecules have more energy "ability to move" and depending on if S. L or Gas the molecules have more (S) attraction to each other or less (G) water is particularly "sticky" with itself so tends to congregate, lakes, clouds, icebergs in purer forms than say aluminum and iron which need to be mined out of rock. Temperature is really measuring the Kinetic (moving) energy of the substance. so higher T means more motion in the substance.