For example you use a bubble mask to "cut" out a bubble patch from an image. Cutting can be a mix of rectangular selection + transparency where the mask equals zero.

Then you do some random change (flip, aspect ratio…) to this patch.

Then you take a defect free image, and you randomly choose a location where to paste this defect using the bottle mask. You can paste by simply over-writing on the image, or you can do a linear interpolation between the patch image and the defect-free image so it's smoother.

I assume you have very similar images, since they're from a standardized inspection process. Also the bubbles are a very simple pattern. So this could work quite well.