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AJCham t1_j2a27fj wrote

Are you heating your coffee in a microwave? If so, the liquid can become superheated - that is, raised above its boiling point without actually boiling. Adding sugar creates nucleation sites on which gas can form, so the liquid suddenly and violently boils.

If you aren't microwaving, then I'm not sure what else could cause such a reaction.

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ScienceIsSexy420 t1_j2apput wrote

Ahhhhh, I then yes as the top comment mentions what's happening is you're superheating the coffee. In order for water to boil, there needs to be something called a nucleation site, or a place for the water vapor bubbles to form in the liquid. If there are no nucleation sites, a liquid can actually get heated to well over its boiling temperature. Then, when we introduce nucleation sites, the liquid boils RAPIDLY and VIOLENTLY. Surface imperfections act as nucleation sites, but glass and ceramic are both very smooth. In the chemistry lab, when we heat liquids in glass, we add a boiling chip to ensure the can boil properly and doesn't get superheated.

So, short answer, try adding the sugar before you put it in the microwave! Or microwave for less time, you are over heating your water

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