yes put it back on the mic

What does it do

It's a wind sock

it smoothes out all harsh sounds, like "ssssss" "P" etc.

I think that's a pop filter, it's important like u/whathehellnowayeayea says. Here's an example of what it does

it is the mic’s pants

Mic condom. Protects against harsh sounds

I thought it filters out wind noises ಠ⁠_⁠ಠ

Then how do farts get through?

Protect against unwanted sounds

Im not exactly sure, i think when your mouth is right in front of the mic, you when toy say something like "puppy" the "p" coming out of your mouth makes a bad noise when its in front of the mic, and the mic catches that. This prevents that from happening. Also for some random reason everyone says i sound better when i have it on which sucks because my mic is retractable but not with that thing on.

Protects against unwanted oral advances

Whole thing is ruined, crazy fragile

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That too

Put it on if you don't want the lobby complaining about you breathing into the mic.

we calls those Plosives. clever name since plosive is itself a plosive