I have a neat trick I use that works. Say the person is playing a game, I'll wait till they hit pause, or we are underground without network to ensure I'm not ruining their online game. Then, engage them in a conversation.
I'll feign interest in the game and ask them about the game they are playing, etc. They'll often stop playing and start talking with you, which is more tolerable + I've made a couple of friends this way.

Works less often for people playing loud music, but they will lower the volume to be able to hear you talking.