Same thing happened after the Civil War. Hardly anybody was actually punished, and Confederates quietly went back to their cities and became Mayor, Sheriff, Chairman of the School Board, etc. Jim Crow laws and the Klan really took off from there, and by the mid-1920s it had an estimated peak membership of 6 million. Eugenicists also got super popular at the time, and hundreds of thousands of people were forcibly sterilized under laws that we'd call proto-Nazi. And they literally were, because the Nazis copied some of these 1920s eugenics laws almost word for word when they took power in the 1930s.