“Surrender charges”

“Max partial withdrawal”

It sounds like you have purchased some form of annuity or permanent life insurance product, these aren’t terms associated with IRAs specifically (even if you have done so within an IRA). We can’t speak to any fees you may pay for breaking that contract.

Withdrawing anything from a traditional IRA or earnings from a Roth IRA is subject to income taxes and a 10% penalty. You can withdraw contributions from a Roth IRA without tax or penalty.

> My plan would be to open a new Roth and a new Traditional IRA once I get back on my feet again and can contribute (in theory) the amount I cashed out of each account.

If it is within 60 days of the withdrawal, you can do one indirect rollover per year. Otherwise, your contribution for 2022 is limited to the lower of $6000 or your earned income, regardless of what you may have withdrawn.