The BioNTech covid vaccine was developed in less than a day. Moderna's mRNA vaccine was developed in two days. The rest of the delay in getting it into people was clinical trials, bureaucracy being slow and the time to ramp up production.

The article says BioNTech has several cancer vaccines in clinical trials now. How much of the eight year delay is necessary to make sure they work, and how much is unnecessary delay while they wade through the bureaucracy to get approval to start manufacturing these vaccines?