Probably no more than a few decades. Orbital dynamics would spread the items to other orbits. There's always be more there we'd like, but in a decade the density would lower enough to be manageable.

If you were in a struggle with an enemy that really depended on those satellites and you felt you could manage without them, you might strike such a blow to gain an advantage in that war.

I'm not remotely suggesting it's a good idea, but it's certainly one that I'm sure various powers have evaluated doing, or worried about being done to them.