Here is an analogy: let’s say you write your home address on a piece of paper. Put that paper in a bottle, walk next door and set the bottle down. Are you in any danger that a bad person walks by and reads the paper in that bottle? They can already see your house, you have not actually provided any useful information in the context of where they found it.

The same is true for the golden records. The first one just barely left one definition of our solar system. If any aliens found that record, it is only because they were coming to our solar system already. (As mentioned by others, probably because they detected our radio signals)

If the Voyagers were pointed at the closest star, it’d take millions of years to get there, and they aren’t pointing that way. So they are tiny specs of metal in a huge vastness of space. They were about education and awareness, not actually about sending directions to our home.