All of the major planets orbit relatively close to the same parallel plane, but not exactly on it.

We usually compare other things orbiting the sun to the ecliptic, which is the fancy name for the plane of Earth's orbit. Most of the major planets are within 4° of the ecliptic, except Mercury which is at about 7°.

As for the dwarf planets; Ceres is about 10°, Pluto about 17°, and Eris is almost at 45° compared to the ecliptic, which is one of the reasons why it other Kuiper belt objects got recategorized.

Because most space pictures are taken during the day on their respective planet/moon. The sun washes everything else out, just like what happens during the day on Earth.

No, it just means that if we find life on other worlds, it might share similar biology with us. Humanoids are the result of hundreds of millions of years of natural selection on Earth. Other planets would have different selection pressures, and would produce very different types of creatures.

It's still possible that some alien species might resemble us. But it's just as likely they would resemble lizards, or insects, or birds, or they may be completely unlike anything on Earth.

Things in low orbit have to travel about 17000 mph / 28000 km/h to stay in orbit. Once they get low enough to enter the atmosphere, all that kinetic energy gets turned into heat and melts basically everything. Some stuff can survive and make it to the ground, but it would fall pretty quickly.

Nobody knows the answer, and we might never be able to know.

It's possible that every universe has different laws of physics, and if you traveled there your atoms might start behaving different, or even stop existing all together.

If we knew exactly where to look, we probably could just barely see dwarf planets or even bigger ones in the Kuiper belt. It's hard to pick them out from the background noise when they're so dim and far from the sun.

It's not really an opinion, it's an engineering problem. Given enough resources and time to develop technology, we can live anywhere.

Yea, that would be a double planet. Depending on the exact sizes, distance from the star, and distance from each other, it might not be stable in the long term. But in the right circumstances, it could exist for a very long time.

Round-trip communication will be at least 8 years, which is basically useless other than for news or maybe information about new technology.

It's way more likely that future humans would find them, but they will probably just build a museum around them because they won't have forgotten.

Not unless we start sending intergalactic probes.

The easiest way to mitigate the problem it is to make the ring bigger, so it has a larger tangential velocity for the same artificial gravity. It would be pretty hard to do for our first stations, but for future giant space habitats, it becomes less of an issue.

It's just a rock that kinda looks like a bird

I think it actually says "Charlie" in Morse code

(Read from bottom to top)

Even though black holes are really massive, they're super tiny. That's kinda what makes them black holes. All of their mass is concentrated in a tiny spot, which makes the strength of gravity nearby so strong that nothing can resist it.