The study found that women who had ever used hormonal contraceptives had a slightly increased risk of breast cancer, with an absolute excess risk of 8 per 100,000 users from age 16 to 20 years and 265 per 100,000 users from age 35 to 39 years.

This means that out of 100,000 women who have never used hormonal contraceptives, about 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Out of 100,000 women who have ever used hormonal contraceptives, about 9 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime.

The study also has some limitations. First, it is a retrospective study, which means that the researchers cannot be sure that the hormonal contraceptives caused the breast cancer. Second, the study only looked at women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer, so it is not clear whether the findings would be the same for women who had not been diagnosed with breast cancer. Third, the study did not look at the specific types of hormonal contraceptives that were used, so it is not clear whether the findings would be the same for all types of hormonal contraceptives.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease. There are many contributing factors inducing epigenetics, environment, diet, psychology, social groups, hormones, activity levels etc - and maybe the microbome. However a lot more research and understanding needs to be done to suggest a causation between a less diverse microbome and obesity. Our understanding of what constitutes a healthy versus unhealthy microbiome is still evolving

Lastly, the science on probiotic supplementation for healthy individuals is weak at best. And quality control is lacking. I'd save your money and just eat some fermented foods like pickles, yogurt, kimchi etc.

Wearing a mask can keep the nose a little warmer and prevent some colds from taking hold. It is like a nose coat.