Don't think about it as likes or dislikes. Think of it like engagement or not engagement. Engagement drives ad revenue whether or not it's positive. If you comment to say how terrible a video is you're more likely to have spent time on the page and watched or seen an ad somewhere. If you dislike a video it means you're spending a little more time on the page and might see an ad. Plus your negative engagement, even clicking dislike, might lead other people to positively engage and thereby watch an ad.

Your best bet is to leave the page, scroll to the next short as quickly as possible, or leave YouTube entirely. This tells the algorithm that you're not engaging and won't be seeing ads at all. It's most effective to leave a video within the first 30 seconds and interact with as few things in the page as possible.

It's not exactly like the bookstore example because you don't independently browse through Google/YouTube like you do a book store. It's more like if you join a membership to a bookstore where they offer you a reading list every week. If that reading list has racist, sexist, or otherwise inappropriate recommendations should the bookstore be responsible? When a company creates a curated list of content should they be responsible for the contents of the list?

I don't think there is a simple yes or no answer for this. Like all things, life resists simplicity. This is a complicated issue with complicated answers.