Because what is possible isn’t known until someone tries it. If you invest a ton of money to make the equipment and materials to make a 0.01nm chip and fail, you’re out a lot of money and time, which puts you well behind your competitors.

Let's assume that the plane turns hard, like a fighter jet. The ball would seem to move in mid-air as the plane turned. if you were strapped into the plane, you'd turn with it and see the ball move sideways. If you were just standing unsupported, you would move sideways with the ball for an instant and then probably fall over.

The scopes can be dialed to a specific range. This changes the angle that the scope points relative to the barrel, so that the arc of the bullet (gravity pulls down on the bullet as it moves through the air) meets the line of sight of the scope at the prescribed distance. The higher the range, the lower the scope points, so the bullet has to drop further (meaning it flies farther horizontally) to meet the sight line.

Nazi Germany tried to attack the three largest empires in existence at the same time, with the assistance of two other middling powers. They were dwarfed in population, dwarfed in available resources, and dwarfed in industrial capacity. Their only hope was that the populations of those empires would be unwilling to actually fight and would surrender/negotiate for peace after a few defeats.

Some consumers shop for name brands, for whatever reason; if your store drops Coca Cola products, they may simply start buying soda at another store.

Having both name brand and generic brand products on shelves is good for the store. The people who don't care about the brand will buy the generic stuff, while the people who are adherents to a specific brand will buy the name brand stuff. Dropping either group of products will lose sales for the store.

Plants and algae are constantly converting carbon dioxide to oxygen (and sugar) using water and sunlight. This more than makes up for the oxygen they use to stay alive; the extra oxygen is what we rely on to breathe.

But just because of the size of the Earth and the atmosphere, it would take a long time for any changes to propagate through it. This also means that any attempts to fix a problem with the atmosphere (like excess carbon dioxide) would also take a long time to take effect.

We didn't figure it out; we agreed to a single order so that we can all communicate math effectively. This is the same way that we generally all use the English sentence form "subject, verb, object": I ate the bagel, you saw the fox, the car sped by us, etc.

Changing that order can introduce ambiguity: "Saw, you, the fox" is unclear who is doing the seeing. However, it can also be interesting in terms of drawing attention; look no farther than how Yoda in Star Wars talks. He uses a very different sentence structure, which is clear enough to not be ambiguous, but is also different. If everyone spoke like Yoda, we could still communicate effectively, even though the form of the sentences are different. So long as we all agree on how to speak, it works.

Likewise, if we did PASEMD, so long as everyone agreed to use the same order of operations, we could still do math. We'd have to change our current math formulas to match the new system, but the math is still correct.

These are two different problems.

The breakdown of cells from freeze-thaw cycles makes the food less appetizing.

The time spent in the "danger zone" (40-140F, or 4-60C) allows bacteria to grow, with bacteria growing faster at warmer temperatures. If you thaw food in the fridge, it should be safe for a few more days. If you thaw food on the countertop (and let it come to room temperature) and then put it into the fridge, it might go bad in a day.

A cartel is a group of competing organizations that decide to cooperate with each other to corner or dominate their market, usually to the detriment of the public. A drug cartel is a group of drug manufacturing/smuggling organizations that are trying to monopolize the illegal drug trade.

Their victims can be anybody: people who didn’t cooperate with the cartel, people who oppose/threaten the cartel, people who were in the wrong place at the wrong time when the cartel decided it needed to make a gruesome statement, etc.

Your body’s reaction to being too warm is to sweat. The sweat will evaporate, cooling your body down as it does so. This works well in air. However, in water, the sweat doesn’t do anything; it just mixes with the water, providing no cooling.

You might not even realize you’re sweating in a hot tub (especially if you’re splashing around), since your body does it automatically. However, you’ll definitely notice the sweat when you’re in air; it’ll bead up everywhere, and start dripping if it’s both hot and humid. Thus, you’ll realize you’re too hot much more quickly in air than in water.

You're welcome to fly to East Asia/South Asia/Africa and buy their comparatively cheap groceries every time you need to restock the fridge. I'm sure this will be a net-positive for your budget.

All Catholics are Christian, but not all Christians are Catholics. Catholics are a sub-type of Christians.

All Christians believe in the spirituality/holiness of Jesus Christ, as either the son of God or as an aspect of God. Catholics recognize the Pope as the living representative/authority on God and the Bible. Other forms of Christianity, like Orthodox Christianity or Protestantism, do not recognize the Pope in that way.

> Like who is the police in all this?

It's not that there's an agency that tracks the amount of money and the "value" of goods and services and runs around changing prices to match. It's that, if you have more money, you're more likely to spend it, which means you'll accept a higher price on items. Since you're willing to pay more, companies will raise prices to match. That's what causes inflation.

Repeat this millions of times because all that extra money you spent means everyone else has more money, so they are willing to spend more, which means companies can raise prices, and the cycle continues until you're at new "stable" prices that are simply higher than the original prices, roughly proportionally to the extra money that was injected.

If you have an idea for how to cure those diseases, I'm sure there are plenty of companies that would love to hear it.

Just saying "we should focus on this" isn't useful; current production capacity is already pretty fully utilized for current standard-of-care treatments or clinical next-generation treatments. If a cure is found, then sure, there are companies that would be willing to sideline some of their current treatments in order to make this cure. But the data supporting it needs to be good, because otherwise, you're depriving other people of their current treatments.

>healthy people is not good for business in the pharmaceutical world. If you use something that’s too effective you won’t need to buy more of the less effective stuff.

Speaking cynically, "healthy" people don't exist. The longer someone lives the more illnesses and medical issues they will have. A long-lived person is a long-term patient; being the person/company to cure a degenerative/"incurable" disease is a huge windfall in both money (at that point, you can name your price) and prestige. No company would sit on that information.

Speaking more rationally, it's not like curing these diseases would be a simple measure anyway. Even treating "normal" diseases is a massive effort. The amount of raw effort, resources, money, and capital investment needed to produce normal treatments isn't something to be casually dismissed. Pharma companies would be happy to "retire" a medication in exchange for a huge windfall payment from the cures in order to make room for other medications/processes that are in the pipeline.

Snow removal is a constant challenge in major cities. Sometimes it gets dumped into a nearby river, or gets trucked to an unused or underutilized parking lot or similar space.

If you're so snowed in that your door won't open (which is unlikely, but possible), you can open a window and climb out that way. But inward-opening doors are a ready-made solution to this, as you can always open the door inward and then start shoveling from the landing.

Then the lender country has billions of dollars of the borrower's currency. They're either gonna spend it in the borrower country, or they're gonna sell the currency for another currency. If they simply spend it in the borrower country, that will inject the currency right back into their economy, causing inflation.

If they sell the currency, the massive surplus of that currency will cause the international value (exchange rate) of the borrower currency to fall, weakening it on the international market. That makes it harder for the importers in the borrower country to buy foreign goods, so they have to charge more domestically to make up the difference. That will cause a rippling price increase across the borrower's economy.

If your money supply was X and then you increase it to 1.5X, you can't get away from the fact that your money supply increased 50% overnight, no matter where it goes.

How do you quantify "x% chance of inaccuracy"? There may be confounding factors that the original research team was unaware of that will only come up when a different research team, working in a different lab with different conditions and similar-but-not-identical equipment tries to replicate the study and finds something different.

A quick and easy one to think of is water quality. The amount of dissolved minerals in the local tap or well water will vary a lot all over the world. Doing the same benchtop, chemistry 101 experiments using tap water from various places will have slightly different results. Of course, labs nowadays have purified water systems, so water quality itself isn't a concern, but there could be other factors like this that can play a role.

California is further south than London. Since it's summer in the Southern hemisphere, the days are longer there. The further South you go, the longer the days are, because you're closer to where the sun is directly overhead.

Conversely, if you were at the geographical North Pole right now, you would have zero daylight all day, as they are so far North that the sun doesn't come up over the horizon. They have a several-month-long night.

At no point in flexing your joints are you putting any significant stress on your femur or other straight-bone in the limb.

The tendons and ligaments are providing support in other directions/axes that your bone isn't providing. If you twist an ankle, your tibia or fibula isn't bearing the major stress; you could twist someone's ankle 360 degrees around, completely destroying the entire tendon structure, and the tibia/fibula will be structurally intact. Likewise, if someone hits you in the shin with a 2x4, your ACL or Achilles isn't bearing the major stress; completely smash the tibia and fibula, and the ACL and Achilles, while now useless, won't tear.

In your back, the discs and vertebra are basically in-line. They are sharing the load between the two whenever you're bending the spine. So that force gets distributed across/applied to both, which means either can break from the same load.

You're assuming that the soft, flexy tissue will break before the bone will. But the tissue, being soft and flexy, specifically won't break, whereas the bone, being rigid, cannot flex at all. Both materials being subjected to the same load, it's not a given that the tissue will break before the bone will.

Which means that it’s not actually a backup, because if there’s some sort of electrical short that causes the connection to fail, that plane will crash.

Autopilot systems are routinely used today, so that pilots don’t have to have hands on the control for the entire flight. In any situation, or during takeoff/landing, the pilots take over for the autopilot. Outsourcing the pilots to a remote connection means that you’re outsourcing the backup, not the primary.

So you’re either swapping the autopilot to the role of backup (which is already a no-go in the current aircraft setup, so there’s no reason to assume they’d suddenly be okay with it) or you’re relying on the remote pilots to be as reliable as a pilot physically in the plane, which is foolish.

The pilots are the backup for the autopilot, not the other way around. If the autopilot were to be good enough to replace the pilots during the outage, there would be no need for pilots.

Too risky, because you have the entire plane's functionality hinging on a single point of failure: the network connection.

Everything needs chips, so when the world started opening up after they started recovering from COVID, demand skyrocketed. Chip factories were similarly shut down (or scaled back), so they had to spin up more production to meet demand, which is very hard to do and takes a long time. Add the conflict in Ukraine eating up tons of chips that are used in military hardware, and it’s not unreasonable that current production capacity cannot meet needs.