What is not "end-to-end" encryption is when the email is encrypted during transmission between servers, but is transferred from your email server to you in a form that the server (and its operators) can read.

And that's actually the usual case, as email headers must be readable by the servers because they have routing information, and some email servers will also scan your emails for spam, attacks, and viruses.

In very rough terms, it's like being able to catch a ball - you watch it to see where it's going to go, and then put your hand there.

With a comet, measurements of its movement are taken, they plot out the path it takes, they determine how the gravitational effect of the Sun and planets will affect it, and then see if the estimated path intersects with where the Earth will be.

Yes, it's a bit complicated (computers help), and there are always things that can mess up the predictions, but that's the overview.

Here's the ELI5 explanation (not 100% accurate but pretty close)

Elementary school: years 1-5

Middle school: years 6-8

High school: years 9-12

Bachelor's degree: years 13-16

Master's degree (graduate degree because you've graduated from college): years 17-18

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (also graduate degree): years 17-20

Once you're in college schedules get flexible so those times are approximate. There is also post-doctorate study. Because graduate work is entirely subject-specific it's possible for people to get multiple master's or PhD degrees. Medical practice requires on-the-job training after you get your M.D. degree, roughly years 21-22. Psychiatry also requires additional training after your M.D.

Something to look forward to!

You first do what you know works. If it doesn't then you progress to treatments which are more speculative or have more harmful side effects.

I don't know if it's been improved with the latest models, but the CPU in the 2020 is dog slow which makes using the map painful.

Otherwise? Great car

Requiring four touches on a screen to change the seat heater level is one of the things that has irritated me about my 2020 Outback. There is ample screen room for four buttons, but they only have one.

This would be similar to pushing a, say, 100m stick against a concrete wall since the inertia of a stick multiple LYs in length would be comparable. Sure, you could push the end 10cm, but it would just crumple or bend.

Fun with math: If the 'stick' was a steel rod about a cm square, it would weigh around 7,400,000,000,000 tonnes per light year. That's only 1/10,000,000th the weight of the moon, but it's still substantial.

Churchgoers typically use the Bible the same way a drunk uses a lamppost: for support rather than for illumination

When you click on a link the browser loads a lot of stuff, including page layout information (HTML & CSS), references to images, and Javascript code, which is like a program to do things. Normally the code communicates with the host platform to get information from databases and pass along things like passwords and emails, but that can be changed to do bad things.

Search engines don't do that. The contents of the page are downloaded and scanned for text, links, and images, but no code is run. It's like the difference between looking at directions on a map, and actually following those directions.

Passenger Pigeons. Dodos. Both made extinct via predation. The fact that it was hman predation shouldn't matter much, but if you really want to only consider non-humans then rats and cats and pigs have made dozens of species extinct.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1602480113

How about ...

“Space is big. Really big. You just won't believe how vastly hugely mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist, but that's just peanuts to space.”

I'm going to be mean, so look away ...

There are vast regions of space where you could be floating (in a space suit) with no gravity and no light that you could see. Just endless, boundless darkness, with no direction. There are planets around solitary stars where the night sky is just black, and if you lived on one there would be no astronomy and nobody would have any notion of a larger universe.

"Vast" doesn't capture the scale