Since states are defined by how "they exhibit different physical properties," how many N2 atoms does it take to behave like a solid/liquid/gas in any given system?

There is no way that it is more likely to find other lead atoms, which are only there at trace amounts as decay products, before it interacts with trillions upon trillions of other gas molecules... many of which are reactive.

If the ligand doesn't fit, it doesn't have to be "kicked away." More like "randomly bounced away." The receptor doesn't have to do anything for the non-ligand molecule to move away. If you look at the wiki for Brownian motion you'll see how molecules are in constant motion. Things suspended in a fluid are not just sitting still... They're bouncing around like a room full of caffeinated 5 year olds.

Just a heads up- laser thermometers are actually infrared thermometers that measure the IR emitted as blackbody radiation. Each substance has a emissivity coefficient that has a significant effect on the measured temperature. Most IR thermometers are set to a default of 0.95 which is fantastic, since that is the emissivity value of cooking oil... but if you're trying to measure the surface temperature of a pan, it could vary substantially.

It isn't a permanent magnet... you can't use it to hang a picture on your fridge. But the antenna is the medium in which the moving electric field/moving magnetic field is created.

Doppler broadening- the higher the temperature of the fuel, the faster the nuclei are vibrating. Nuclei can only absorb neutrons of a certain energy. If the nuclei were at rest, they would only be able to absorb a narrow range of neutrons based on the neutron's velocity/energy. Since the nuclei are in motion, the relative velocities/energies between the neutrons and the nuclei are spread out. The higher the temperature, the wider the spread. The wider the spread, the more likely that a neutron is to encounter a nuclei with the correct relative energy to absorb it.

Imagine that it is only possible to catch a baseball that is moving between 15 and 20 mph relative to the person trying to catch it. If you have 1,000 people standing still, then any baseball slower than 15 mph or higher than 20 mph cannot be caught. Now imagine that those 1,000 people are all walking around in random directions at 3 mph. It is now possible for a baseball thrown at 12 mph or 23 mph to be caught. If they're moving faster (the same as increasing the temperature of the fuel)- say 19 mph, it is possible for a baseball thrown between 1 mph and 39 mph to be caught.

A lot of residential buildings have resistive heating. Baseboard radiators, cable ceiling, regular forced air heating are all potentially resistive heating.

Regarding how close residential heat pumps can get to 3x the efficiency of resistive heating- that's about where they are right now. Depending on the temperature at the exchanger, a bit better than 3x is not uncommon. But they become less efficient outside of optimal working temps.

If your residential electric heating is resistive heating, then there isn't much difference between a resistive stove (the ones with the heating elements) and a heater, if there is a difference at all. In real terms, though- heating your whole house from a single point is probably less efficient due to a lack of air flow and distribution of that heat.

> Phase changes occur at fixed temperatures.

This is a great explanation... but 1 minor note I'd like to add- phase changes (at a given pressure) for many PCMs occur over a range of temperatures. And there is also the phenomenon of hysteresis where melting occurs at 1 temp range while solidification occurs at a lower range. So a material's state at a given temp near the MP can be dependent on what state it started in.

> If I put you on a merry go round and said there was a car moving at 5mph 1000 miles away, its movement wouldn't be enough to matter to you much over the course of a couple hours.

This is a small angle approximation, right?

You can try this in your own house. Just find a place with almost no light, let your eyes get accustomed to the dark, and then try to look an objects straight-on. They're very difficult or impossible to see. Then try looking next to that object. You should be able to see it.

I didn't say it looked like shit. I was giving a hypothetical based on what people might think.

And no- if there is a company policy against posting pictures or if posting the pictures brings severe consequences to the company, then there will absolutely be consequences for the poster. I've worked for union companies. Theybalways have a catch-all policy for "don't do stupid things." If you fuck up so bad that you cause serious problems, then it can absolutely cause problems.

Unless explicit permission has been given, then posting pictures like this is a horrible idea. No matter how many "but if... but iffs..." you come up with, the question is legitimate and it absolutely does not fall to "tHeRe ISn'T aN nDA!!1!1!!"

Maybe the company does allow this. Then fantastic. But that info wasn't provided. So, unquestionably, there is a concern about posting these pictures.

Swing! And a miss! You were so close, too.

It's a shame Reddit doesn't have crayon fonts...

OK. Here we go. Just because there is no NDA does not mean that OP can post these pictures completely free from consequences.

Let's say that Elton John sees his name attached to a fairly crappy looking guitar. And then he says "hey, Gibson, why are your people posting all of these pics of my guitar? And why does it look like shit?"

And then the Gibson exec sends out an email to all the managers asking, "why are people posting pics of partially finished guitars that look like shit, and claiming that Elton John is actually paying for this crap? Find out who did it and fire them. They should know better."

And then OP is fired. Consequences for actions... no NDA in sight.

I have seen several people fired for posting pictures of stuff at work.

Much like free speech doesn't mean I can tell my boss to "eat a dick" without expecting to get written up/fired... not having an NDA does not give people the freedom to post pictures of things at work and not suffer consequences. All it means is that Elton John can't sue for breach of contract or recover losses from posting the pictures.

Ah yes... the "free speech means I can say whatever I want with no consequences" defense.

0 legal recourse does not mean "free from consequences."