> At a simple level, any given volcano represents an isolated system, i.e., surface vents connected to a magma chamber within the crust, e.g., this diagram, while for a specific volcanic system is a decent generic representation to consider.

Why does the magma in that image travel up as lone tendrils? What's the physics of that?

Ah, so a larger distance wouldn't guarantee a larger voltage, it would merely raise the chances because of changes to the surface being walked on.

Or, wait. No, the voltage difference is because one hoof is over electricity while the other hoof is over zero or fewer electricity, so now electricity will travel through the horse which is electrically conductive.

> The surface beneath our feet usually has fairly high resistance

That's if we're wearing sneakers, right?

Like if one foot were barefoot and the other wearing a sock, we'd create a large difference in voltage?

Doesn't make sense in the context of one horse's leg to another. (vs the distance from one human leg to another being a lower pressure)

You might feel electrified to see yours on display, a spark of joy!

The analogy is that voltage is like water pressure, so how does distance increase that?

Good point about the toxins still being in water but living organisms can multiply so they'll usually be more dangerous merely because they continue creating new toxins as time goes on.

You have the power to change that habit.

Agreed on most of what you said, with a small correction: that people today have more time and can watch movies, entertainment, etc, because of advances that freed our time. Previously people used to spend a lot more of their time finding and growing food, crafting stuff, etc, mostly during daylight before electricity enabled people to see brightly at night. (so people also probably slept more too)

Light travels as a wave but interacts as a particle.

Another aspect is wavelength which affects frequency, or how many wavelengths of light will pass a certain point per second. The shorter the wavelength, the more can pass that point in a given time, so the more energetic the light. Light does oscillate, and the rate at which it oscillates might be related to the frequency.

That's enough info to start your student browsing a rabbit hole of science. knowledge in internet searches. YouTube is good for the visuals and science explainers like Arvin Ash and Science Asylum

If your student is interested in the quantum model, the light doesn't exist (in the form we know) until interacted with. Whatever the unformed photon is before it becomes a photon, imagine it as an expanding sphere that's a collection of possible locations where each photon could interact, the expanding at the speed of light, and when the photon emerges to interact then all the other possibilities vanish instantly (faster than the speed of light).