It's actually the Japanese who do this, not English speakers.

During a period of Japanese history called the Meiji era, the country was rapidly industrialized and modernized on the model of the contemporary great powers of Europe. This included adopting not only Western industry but also Western-style laws, military organization, education, clothing, architecture, art, music, etc. In those days, to achieve the success of the West it was believed that a country's entire society must emulate the West, and Japan was not the only country to do so (consider Turkey, where in 1928 the entire writing system was changed in order to be more European).

As one element of this "Europeanization" whenever writing or speaking European languages, including English, the Japanese would reverse their own names to the more European family-name-last order instead of the typically Asian family-name-first, and this continued to be the norm into the 20th and 21st centuries.

For China and Korea, if they did experience modernization in the European image, it was not to the same extreme of this name-order code-switching and thus never became the norm in those countries. In the last few years there have been moves in Japan to return to the traditional name order in Western languages, e.g. the English-language website for the Office of the Prime Minister shows Fumio Kishida's name family-name-first (and in caps, for added clarification), but English-language publications have been slow to switch.

It's not correct, it's totally arbitrary.

It doesn't matter what order of operations you use, all that matters is that we all agree on the same order of operations. Otherwise two people will look at the same calculation and get different results. Neither result is more correct than any other, but we need to agree on one of them.

Nothing. You broke the law and were duly convicted. That the law has since changed is irrelevant.

In some cases law changes like that are accompanied with mass amnesties or pardons, but not necessarily.

A goal of the SI is to limit the number of base units to the minimum number possible. There is no SI base unit of volume because you can just use cubic meters. Similarly, there is no SI base unit for surface area because square meters already fulfil that need, even though hectares exist as a non-SI but SI-compatible unit.

Liters are a metric unit (it's based on the meter and powers of ten) but it is not an official SI unit because it is redundant.

Have you ever seen the movie Airplane!? If you haven't, go see it, it's the funniest movie of all time.

Anyway, in that movie, the pilot, co-pilot, and flight engineer (from back when commercial planes still had engineers) all become deathly ill from food poisoning from eating the same in-flight meal, and the plane has to be landed by one of the passengers. And although it may all be a big joke in the movie, that is the exact situation that rule is meant to prevent. It's not actually mandated by law (at least not by the FAA) but it is policy for most airlines.

A "fluid" is something that flows.

All liquids are fluids, not all fluids are liquids. Gasses are fluids too.

Because gas fireplaces are not intended to be an efficient source of heat, they are made to replicate the appearance of a wood fire.

A blue flame means the gas is being burned efficiently with the correct fuel-to-oxygen ratio. A yellow flame means there is too much fuel and not enough oxygen, so the fuel does not burn completely. Some particles of carbon remain, which incandesce, glow yellow, and are released as soot and smoke.

Other cultures in history have used other counting systems. The Egyptians counted in base-12, the Babylonians in base-60, and the Mayans in base-20.

There were many people who survived the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, although most are dead now (and not necessarily of nuclear-related reasons).

No, for several reasons:

1. The "expiration date" is not some hard-and-fast switch that gets thrown where what once was perfectly safe will now make you ill. Spoilage just doesn't work like that. For liability reasons the manufacturer almost certainly sets the date very conservatively, and if anything the date reflects the quality of the food rather than its safety (which is why the date is usually listed as "best before"). Stored properly, milk is likely to be safe to drink several days past its "expiration date," more if it is unopened. It will also start to taste and smell bad before it becomes really unsafe.

2. If you drink a gallon of milk, regardless of the expiration date, you will be sick; ask anyone who's been on the internet long enough to remember the "milk gallon challenge."

They don't. The TV show Mythbusters disproved this back in the day. Cattle, like most mammals other than primates, are red-green colorblind.

The movement of the cape is what makes the bull attack, not the color. Red is just the traditional color of the cape because it hides bloodstains; pink and yellow are also common.