Supraspinator
Supraspinator t1_j8b8ku7 wrote
Reply to comment by hodlboo in What makes a strong immune system? by hodlboo
Everyone has a unique „library“ of cells that fight viruses and bacteria. Which „books“ you have in your library is dependent on your parentage and the epidemiological history of your ancestors. A person can have a great variety of books fighting a specific disease, but only a few for another. So the effectiveness of someone’s immune system is not some absolute thing, but a mosaic of strengths and weaknesses.
Supraspinator t1_j676sf0 wrote
Reply to Found whale bone on the beach in San Diego by macva99
Just in case you’re interested: this is the humerus or arm bone of a whale.
https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/kichisibi/k300-whalebonee.html
Supraspinator t1_j5i6h9n wrote
Reply to Does Mother's Rubella Vax Protect Fetus? by MaryGodfree
Short answer, yes.
Long answer: while in the womb, the mothers immune system protects the fetus. However, maternal rubella antibodies are also transmitted via the placenta to the fetus, protecting the baby after birth. The transfer increases towards the end of pregnancy, so preterm babies have lower levels, making them more vulnerable.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378133/
There are other antibodies that are transferred to the fetus: measles, covid, diphtheria*, pertussis*, polio, chickenpox, and others.
*diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus requires the vaccination of the mother during pregnancy.
There is a term in German, Nestschutz - “nest protection” that refers to the passive protection babies have in their early months against some diseases. It wanes as the maternal antibodies degrade, requiring vaccines for the baby.
Supraspinator t1_j51gc4f wrote
Reply to comment by Silverjeyjey44 in Is there any difference in efficacy when a vaccine is administered somewhere other than the upper arm (e.g. on the foot)? by MercurioLeCher
At least for the mRNA vaccines, intravenous injection could be dangerous. In a mouse model, intravenous injection of the vaccine caused myocarditis, so accidental intravenous injection has been suggested as cause for vaccine-induced myocarditis.
Supraspinator t1_j3f7mug wrote
This article and the references listed on the bottom should help you get started. The answer seems to be “it depends”. Dried body fluids loose infectiousness quickly, but the virus can survive for weeks under the right conditions.
Supraspinator t1_ixroj4f wrote
Reply to comment by TheApathyParty3 in THE MOON, MareAU, digital art, 2022 by MareAUs
The moon is male in many cultures. Norse mythology had a male moon god, as had egypt.
Supraspinator t1_iuehpxm wrote
Reply to comment by Cane-Dewey in ELI5: Morse code is made up of dots and dashes. How did telegraph operators keep from losing track of where one letter ended and another began? by copperdomebodhi
Same for my grandpa. He was a radio operator in WW2 as a very young man. One year in the 90s we got Walkie-Talkies for Christmas and he fired off a full paragraph of text.
Supraspinator t1_jb2xd4l wrote
Reply to Where are birds Hematopoietic stem cells? by Mikedc1
This is tangentially related. Ever wonder how B-cells (antibody producing white blood cells) got their name?
They are named after the Bursa of Fabricius, a lymphatic organ in birds that serves as the site of B-cell maturation. (Their sister cells, T-cells, mature in the thymus). Stem cells migrate from the liver to the Bursa of Fabricius, where they differentiate and mature into B-cells.
B-cells were first discovered in the Bursa fabricii of birds, that’s why they are named B-cells. The bursa equivalent in humans is the bone marrow.