_Dnikeb
_Dnikeb t1_jdn2keh wrote
Reply to comment by camwhat in TIL, the placenta that forms with a fetus isn't created by the mother. It grows from the fertilized egg and some fetuses actually develop outside the uterus attached to the intestines in the body cavity. by darw1nf1sh
This article explains it very well.
Here's a shorter version of the story: some viruses exist as virions, ie. the virus itself is hidden within a little envelope of phospholipids. On the surface of this envelope, there is a protein called syncytin that can merge cell membranes (also made of phospholipids). Its role is to fuse the virion with the cell membrane so that the actual virus inside the virion can trojan horse itself into the cell and infect it. Infection consists of the virus releasing its DNA in the cell's cytoplasm, turning the whole thing into a virus factory. Sometimes, the virus' DNA gets fused together with the host cell's DNA. When that happens, that's what you'd call a retrovirus.
Now, At some point some 200 million years ago, for some freaky joke of nature, a virus entered a mammalian egg cell, transitioned into a retrovirus, that egg cell got fertilized, and the result was a mammal that could produce its own syncytin and thus have the ability to merge cell walls. That allowed for the evolution of a structure known as syncytiotrophoblast, which develops on the point of contact between the embryo and the womb and is basically created by many embryonic cells merging together into a single cavity. The whole point of this structure is to act as a buffer zone, allowing nutrient exchange between the mother and the embryo while at the same time preventing the mother's immune system from reaching the embryo and killing it. Thus the placenta was born.
_Dnikeb t1_jdlystv wrote
Reply to comment by TechnicalSymbiote in TIL, the placenta that forms with a fetus isn't created by the mother. It grows from the fertilized egg and some fetuses actually develop outside the uterus attached to the intestines in the body cavity. by darw1nf1sh
You're the first to notice that!
_Dnikeb t1_jdlxs4v wrote
Reply to comment by TechnicalSymbiote in TIL, the placenta that forms with a fetus isn't created by the mother. It grows from the fertilized egg and some fetuses actually develop outside the uterus attached to the intestines in the body cavity. by darw1nf1sh
Said viral infection took place in the common ancestor of all placental mammals (who lived much later than the common ancestor of all mammals, that's why not all mammals are placentals), so humans specifically inherited it through evolution
_Dnikeb t1_jdluw5e wrote
Reply to TIL, the placenta that forms with a fetus isn't created by the mother. It grows from the fertilized egg and some fetuses actually develop outside the uterus attached to the intestines in the body cavity. by darw1nf1sh
Also the genes that lead to the formation of the placenta are viral in origin. They were incorporated into our ancestors' genome after a viral infection.
_Dnikeb t1_jddlwx6 wrote
Reply to TIL that the talipot palm produces the world's largest flower cluster (inflorescence) containing one to several million flowers. It grows up to 25m tall, takes 30 to 80 years to reach maturity to flower and then dies immediately afterwards, having drained all its nutrients in the process. by embouteillagez
So do all plants in an area bloom at the same time like bamboo? I imagine synchronization is crucial
_Dnikeb t1_jd72px1 wrote
Reply to TIL that mosquitos can be a nuisance for everyone but not for the people in Iceland. Simply because they don't exist there: by bringmeturtles
The most common explanation for why there are no mosquitoes in Iceland is that the frequent freezing-thawing cycles kill off mosquito brood by not giving it enough time to develop between frosts. But that doesn't explain why other insects with much longer life cycles, such as wasps, manage to thrive.
_Dnikeb t1_j0b5odv wrote
Reply to TIL Europe's wine owes its existence to the grafting of vines to American grape root stock that weren't vulnerable to a species of aphid that was destined to wipe the industry out. by salton
The grapes grown by Vitis labrusca (american grapevine) are SO good. I'm literally addicted to them. In my area we call them strawberry grapes.
_Dnikeb t1_jefotiw wrote
Reply to TIL: honeycombs start out circular, and the surface tension of the beeswax pulls them into hexagons as it solidifies, because it is the most energetically favorable conformation. by craigdahlke
Yup. Grab a bunch of straws or balloons, press them together, they're going to spontaneously arrange themselves into hexagons.
Also if you examine a bee or wasp comb from up close, you'll realize the outermost cells are still mostly round, because they're not completely surrounded by other cells.