It's also true for cars driven at high altitudes. A naturally aspirated engine makes less power in the mountains than it does at sea level. Turbocharged cars can make up for that for the most part by just pushing more of that less dense air into the engine, so the power loss is much less severe.

Yes. but superchargers are less efficient since they rob power from the crankshaft of the engine.

Engines have to take in air in order to burn fuel. In a naturally aspirated engine, that works a lot like your own breathing. Instead of an expanding chest, it's a piston moving down that creates suction.

In a forced induction engine there's some kind of external air pump (a turbocharger or supercharger) that forces pressurized air into the engine.

Both types have their advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. Naturally aspirated engines have better throttle response, but they make less power, for example. They're simpler to make but more difficult to modify, and often not quite as fuel-efficient as a forced induction engine optimized for economy.

Yamaha also used a cross-plane crank, so it was basically half a cross-plane V8 and they also sounded somewhat similar.

Ferrari V8s fire their cylinder like this:

O-O-O-O

Most American V8s fire their cylinders like this:

OO-O--O

Longer explanation:

There are two different types of V8, one with a cross-plane crankshaft and one with a flat-plane crankshaft. This refers to how the crankshaft of the engine would look when viewed head on: + vs. |.

Flat-plane V8s are basically two inline-4 engines glued together, and that's why they sound a bit like a 4-cylinder. That's the type you'd find in most Ferraris or McLarens for example. They're lighter, can rev higher, but they vibrate more.

What determines the sound of the engine are the gaps between firing events of the cylinders of one bank (one side). In a flat-plane V8, if you only look at say the driver side bank of the engine, one cylinder fires every 180°.

With a cross-plane crankshaft, these gaps are uneven, specifically 90-180-270-180. Sometimes two cylinders fire in quick succession, sometimes there's a longer pause, so you get the characteristic rumble.

Libraries could provide an unlimited number of digital copies, but publishers don't allow that unless they buy additional copies. So it's just part of the contract. If publishers allowed unlimited checkouts, then very small libraries that only have one or two copies checked out at the same time would be paying the same price as much larger libraries that may have 50 copies checked out at the same time.

If the publisher still wants to make the same amount of money even though everyone is paying the same price, small libraries would have to pay much more, and large libraries would pay much less.