You may be right. When I last checked, years ago, it was no longer required for the most basic license. The internet says no longer required, abut works better than voice in difficult conditions. Thanks for the correct, current information.

One notes that if one “misses” the end of the word, one can often work out what was meant, just as if one misses aspace in typing, as I just did.

This is similar to the Japanese and Chinese style writing where each “character” is made up of different sub parts.

Yes. Often used in emergency situations and by US a mature radio operators (HAMs). It is required for most of their radio operator licenses. It can be transmitted better than voice - less power and through more interference. Some even bounce signals off the moon and reach others in states. Many reach every state. Hawaii and Alaska are the hardest for those not located in those states.

Military folks use similar communications sometimes, I would guess.