Because it’s not 7 digits… it’s 10 if you count area codes.

Up to 14 if you include country codes.

This seems to operate under the incorrect assumption that tax refunds are equivalent to taxes paid.

They are not.

When filling out income tax forms at work you can set how much is taken out of a paycheck and paid to taxes. The amount can vary on a lot of things like marriage status, disabilities etc.
If you set the amount too high and paid more in taxes than you owed, then you get a refund.

If you did not pay enough, then you would owe more money during tax time.

Dehydration is a big part of it, but so is the general breakdown of alcohol in the body. The alcohol breaks down into some harsh compounds like acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, then it breaks down into acetic acid.
Acetic acid is fine, it's the same stuff in vinegar.. the problem is the middle part. The common reaction to those two is sweating, skin flushing, vomiting, and nausea.
Combine it with water loss from drinking other things than water, throwing up, or peeing more, and then add in the two compounds and it's a painful morning.

From open source information in books about the topic, an example of the issue would be foreign intelligence bribing or blackmailing a source, and then having to internally weigh the credibility of the information.

Opposed to many countries having citizens rights about trial and facing accusers, so information gained because they threatened someone about exposing an affair, is not considered okay in court.
Foreign intel does not need to convince a jury with a judge and defense attorney. Credible information can be "Well we bribed a food company dock worker and know their ships just loaded enough food for 3 months."

It's one of the issues that is cited in the intelligence failure before 9/11.
Foreign intelligence didn't want to work with Domestic intelligence because domestic intelligence would need to explain in court where the information came from. Also because they didn't trust them to maintain security on the info. Also because there is a higher duty to act domestically. Foreign intel may want follow something and see where it goes to work the entire network, while domestic might want to make an arrest. Domestic didn't want to work with foreign for the inverse reasons. Getting info from something that would violate rights domestically means info is unusable in court. Foreign side wouldn't elaborate on sources either which is not enough for legal proceedings.

Fluid linkage in the torque converter.

What does that mean?

In an automatic transmission there may not be a direct linkage with the engine, to the gearbox.
It might be depending on the design, connected through liquid.

One side spins the liquid(connected to the engine) and the other side gets spun around by the liquid.
This can be changed by moving the distance, but even when farther away, there is still a little bit of momentum transferred between the liquid.
Think like having two blenders with one upside down on the other, and powering the other one by turning on one.

There can be direct links which are better for gas mileage but change the dynamics of the car, but that’s getting a bit beyond the general overview.

Something that a lot of people don’t seem to realize, even some of the answers already here included, are that net worth does not equal just a pile of money like a cartoon character with a pit of gold coins or literal piles of money.

Net worth is how much everything a person owns is worth.
Including things like real estate, intellectual property, and companies.

For example, Bezos owns about 10% of Amazon. That’s worth about 90ish Billion dollars.

That does not mean he has 90ish billion sitting in an account somewhere.

An analogy that’s more relatable to most people is that by owning a car, it doesn’t necessarily mean someone has 20k in cash at any one time. Their net worth is at least 20k, but net worth doesn’t necessarily mean cash.

Most of the net worth is from those stocks that they own, like Gates with Microsoft. He owned a lot of Microsoft. So when Microsoft gained value, so did he.

So the ownership of these stocks would change (and likely be worth less since someone like Bezos dying would likely lower stock prices) but it just means that part of the company would be owned by someone else.

This is also why intense workouts and adrenaline situations cause stomach distress.

Shunting blood away from less immediate things like the stomach and keeping it available for muscles is a survival mechanism. It doesn’t matter if your meal is properly digested if you’re dead in the next few minutes to whatever the threat is.

In general if two equivalent size engines have differences in cylinder numbers the sound will be from smaller cylinders, moving faster.

A 650 twin will have 2x 325 CC pistons firing in a specific order. Some with a 90 degree offset, others with 270. This just means “if one cylinder fires, where is the other one”. This can also have an effect on the sound since the combustion of gas in the cylinders is what causes the noise.

So there’s two larger cylinders firing in a different order.

In a higher cylinder configuration like a V4 or inline 4, the firing order is different, but also there are much smaller cylinders.
Generally a 600cc will have about 150cc cylinders, but firing much faster to get the same power.

It’s the difference of “big pops slower, or smaller pops much faster” and a little bit of what order the pops happen in.

So you’ve already had some food for thought about why you can’t just turn an oven higher, like burning the outside of the food, and melting the oven.

There’s a cooking aspect too. Not all food is just instantly cooked to what we want when it reaches a specific temperature.
An example would be like beef stew, or pulled pork. It is technically edible very early on in the process, but the breakdown of muscle fibers, fats, collagens etc takes time to get to the soft falling apart phase appropriate for the dish.

Ads(literally on instagram), posts on the main gov hiring website, campus career days/events, and generally name recognition.
Depends how senior of staff but most promote internally. Director levels are appointed.

Spooky agencies who do Intel things do reach out to promising candidates, high language skills, knowledge of necessary areas, specialized expertise like certain ex-mil jobs. A common theme was to have agency contacts at schools and have them point out promising people to recruiters.

What's 2,000,000,000 people? Just a small amount off.

Even then, there's another premise issue with the post since pretty much every estimate of English speakers being only about 1.5 billion.