Pre-exposure saves you the trouble of immunoglobulin treatment (an often painful subcutaneous injection of several mls) at the site of exposure and 2-3 extra doses of the vaccine series (depending on local regulations).

Source - I've gone through post-exposure (without pre-exposure), and had sufficient titers >10yrs post-treatment.

With hepatitis specifically, there is damage to the liver. This causes pain, which can trigger nausea as mentioned, but the liver is responsible for processing various components of the food you're eating (and things like antibiotics or other drugs you might be injected with during an illness). If the liver can't do its job well enough, those components are left unprocessed, which can trigger sensations of nausea in the brain.

There is no harm in getting vaccinated while sexually active. No need to abstain. It may even be helpful in clearing an active infection.

It is likely that someone previously infected with HPV will still get some residual benefit from vaccination, even if he or she has already been infected with one or more of the HPV types included in the vaccines.

...

But the vaccine also offers some protection for HPV-positive women, reducing cervical lesions by 17% and genital warts by 35%.

With 2 brothers dying of cystic fibrosis, it's very likely he was affected (or a carrier) as well. I had friends growing up - dad died of CF at 40, first friend at 28, second at 35, a couple years after a lung transplant.

They all new it was coming.

Came for this

If it is set on AC, I agree with other posts about something upstream like a tripped breaker. There should be 120V at the switch.

I ask because I often go between testing AC and DC and sometimes forget that I have it set to DC when testing and AC circuit, and vice versa. That low 0.3V is often what reminds me to change it.

Are you sure you've got the voltmeter set on AC and not DC?

Figure out the brand. The valve cartridge is what you'll need to replace. That may be above your head, but I'd start looking those terms up.

Cheapest option with items you can probably get easily is a couple 2x4s and a heavy hammer. Secure the boards on either side, and then hammer. Make sure the bottom of that fixture is secure and isn't moving (much) when you hammer.

You'll get it pretty close to original, though may risk knocking the bottoms out.

I think you'll need something fairly heavy duty, like a 4-6" bench vise rather than simple grips.

How soon do you need this fixed? If you've got more than a few days, I'd sit on it and think about it before going out and buying a bunch of tools unnecessarily :)

A bench vise is expensive if you don't have one already, there might be easier/cheaper ideas that take a bit longer to think of.

My vise weighs about 25-30lbs, it would be awkward to lift and try to use it vertically.

You could also use the board sandwich approach and then try to put a vise on them and force it straight. It'd be heavy, but that would avoid any back and forth movement from hammering.

Yes, aim for the bend to get it to bend back. Not too thin, you want to keep the whacks from damaging it.

Biggest concern would be you knock the whole thing from its ground connection. Might have someone on the other side to keep it from moving towards the street. Or use your car to brace in 😂

Get a pair of 2x6 boards and a BFH. Put a board on either side and pound away with the BFH.

If you want to use ratchet straps, use them to secure the boards to the beam like a sandwich.

This book needs a sequel. I'm not knowledgeable enough about Russian history ~1950-1990 to write it, but it sure seems like the ghost of Napoleon has returned.

That's good. Both my nearby HD and Lowes have been low on all junction box stock for a while now.

Round ones are surprisingly hard to find. You may have good luck at Ace, but I had to order a pair from home depot a couple of weeks ago, which took a week to arrive.

My local Ace has them listed now in stock for ~$2 more.

They're meant to remain in place for more than a few hours to better stimulate an immune response. Most vaccines have an adjuvant - something to help it stick around longer and further stimulate the immune system, like an oil or protein-based antigen.

Some vaccines are oral (rotavirus, poliovirus), others can be intranasal (some flu vaccines) or even intradermal (I believe the mpox vaccine was given intradermal to get more vaccinations from a single vial).

E: to expand

1. Probably not a good idea to give most vaccines in a vessel. Some are modified live and best kept locally. There are some places you may not want them to go directly. That's why the vaccinator will often pull back on the syringe - to make sure it's not in a vessel.

2. The adjuvant can help keep it around, but most of it is cleared within ~48hrs.

3. Your arm is sore because of the immune response happening there - white blood cells coming in and breaking up the vaccine components and updating the OS as you say. Sometimes, your local lymph nodes may be sore, too (ie in the armpit), because the white blood cells have migrated there to update the OS more centrally.

What makes you qualified for teaching those subjects?

Since the 1950s, it's been produced synthetically, but that hasn't stopped some cultures from going to the original source: bear (urso) bile.

There are always bacterial agents waiting to take advantage of weakened defenses, but severity varies quite a bit for all sorts of reason. Some lagging symptoms may also be things like the body's healing response.

A bit of both :) your respiratory tract is lined with cilliated cells - they have little finger-like projections that help move mucus and debris from your lungs to your mouth. When you wake up in the morning with crap in your throat - that's why. Some respiratory viruses and bacteria can damage those cells, and affect how well they move stuff up, so the lining is more like flattered cells for a few days. While that continues to heal, bacteria have a better chance of growing there, but eventually either your immune system clears it and the cells heal, or it gets worse and you die ;)

One thing I think you're misunderstanding:

>In the absence of asthma or secondary infection

Upper/lower respiratory infections are rarely single factor. You've got a virus - influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, whatever, and then you've got the secondary bacterial invaders - Staph, Strep, Haemophilus, etc etc etc. Those may linger for a while because of the damage the virus has already done to the bronchial/upper airway lining, as well as to the immune system itself in some cases. Some of that damage is fixed with a temporary bandaid much like scar tissue, and can take a week or two to heal completely.

Here's a review on secondary bacterial infections in cases of viral pneumonia:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7419580/

Also, for the sunris/sunset times (both are important), you can use the right y-axis and have it go from 0-24hrs.

I'll think on it and post an idealized image tomorrow.

Trivial, but cows, elk, and moose calve. In deer it's more appropriately called a fawning season.