Most people would say that if your employees are working more than 40 hours a week to provide a service, then that employer doesn't have enough staffing.

I'm saying that there existed a generalized law enforcement in both colonial and post colonial United States. A sheriff, or constables, or marshals, or a citizen based night watch. I'm not sure why the existence of groups dedicated to the enforcement of slavery has more of an importance to the history of law enforcement in the US than the actual law enforcement apparatus in place at the time. I'm also not saying that people who were part of slave patrols couldn't have turned into municipal police as they were formed. Neither am I saying that municipal police didn't enforce racist laws.

The statement that "Policing in the United States came from Slave Patrols" is saying that the origination of the enforcement of law in this country came directly from a desire to enforce slavery. The fact that racist laws and policies exist doesn't lead to the conclusion that these departments were created for the purpose of enforcing those laws specifically. It's more that the departments were complicit along with other aspects of government in the oppression. Which isn't the same thing.

The article also addresses the evolution of slave patrols to modern police departments in only one sentence: "After the Civil War ended, the slave patrols developed into southern police departments." It doesn't say anything about how this happened or what the actual connection is between the two beyond that. It instead goes on to talk about the various racist laws that were passed in the south following the civil war, and how the police departments participated in them. Which doesn't actually address the thesis that these departments evolved specifically from groups specifically dedicated to the enforcement of slavery.

Where the heck did you get the idea that this was related to homophobia or a hate crime? Are you just coming up with random suppositions?

To go even further back from 2017, in 2012 and 2013 (discounting the Navy Yard mass shooting) we had under 100 homicides. So in the last decade we've increased by over 100% from the city's low.

While it being lower than last year is good, 2022 was the highest in 2 decades. And going further back then two decades puts us into the 90s, when DC was one of the most violent cities in the country.