InaMellophoneMood
InaMellophoneMood t1_j6zhp36 wrote
Reply to comment by Awordofinterest in Are plants growing from cuttings as healthy as those grown from seed? by [deleted]
IVF is still sexual reproduction, not cloning. There might be some odd pressures in the IVF process that reduces the viability of some genes, but you'd still expect 50% from one parent and 50% from the other.
If you're doing cloning, it gets weird. You'd expect only mitochondrial DNA from the surrogate mother. If you're cloning someone inside of themselves, you'd get a full 100% match, but otherwise you'd expect a 0% chromosomal match
InaMellophoneMood t1_iy1ymsr wrote
Reply to comment by theartificialkid in How exactly does CRISPR-CAS9 insert new genes? by AutomaticAd1918
Why would you do that when you can just stitch together many chunks using modern assembly techniques? That way you can use synthesis in the cheap, high yield part of its curve, and plasmid replication/purification to yield large quantities of your sequence for even cheaper. Fussing with super long synthesis with the flaws of existing chemistries doesn't make sense when it's more time and labor intensive than assembling them from medium length synthesis.
InaMellophoneMood t1_it66xsg wrote
Reply to comment by FLdancer00 in Power outlets have a faint smell. by napstur
Some people implant magnets into their ears to gain this sense.
InaMellophoneMood t1_iraw2c6 wrote
Chemical synthesis takes care of primary structure, but the relatively extreme chemical environment needed typically results in secondary and tertiary structures that do not happen when the macromolecule is synthesized in biological conditions. This is generally due to denaturing (loss of structure). DNA is fairly forgiving when it comes to structure, as nearly all of the information it encodes is in its sequence.
Proteins, on the other hand, use their sequence to create structures to do functions. These structures are relatively delicate and after denaturing are unlikely to return to their original, functional shape. You've experienced this with cooked eggs, where the high heat causes the proteins in the egg to denature and tangle in a way analgous to synthetic condition. "Uncooking" your product as part of its processing is an extremely difficult step that I've never had success with, and generally scales poorly.
There's other factors, like the maturity of the processes (DNA > Protein), the ability to incorporate post-translational modification (DNA > Protein), and the ability to rapidly scale up protein production cheaply via fermentation (DNA > Protein). Once you factor in other concerns, like hazardous materials in synthesis, where you do one hazardous synthesis with DNA before using relatively safe fermentation feedstocks compared to a hazardous synthesis for every milligram of protein you need, it's difficult to justify not just transforming organisms or using a cell-free extract to produce proteins.
That being said, as protein synthesis matures, it may have significant advantages on turnaround time, throughout, and the ability to incorporate non-cannonical amino acids. Currently it can take years to develop strains that can incorporate a single non-cannonical amino acid, and this tech could radically increase the possible sequence space for proteins. It's just not there yet, and it'll likely be a while before we get there. We still have issues with DNA synthesis, and that's a technology that's far ahead of protein synthesis.
InaMellophoneMood t1_irarwtc wrote
Reply to comment by ebix in is it possible to synthesize proteins chemically? by yeeturking
IDT's gBlocks have a 5-8 day turnaround for tubes of DNA up to 3000bp, if you're ever in a crunch.
InaMellophoneMood t1_ja2v6kj wrote
Reply to comment by MacbookOnFire in A year on, the Ukranian couple who got married just hours after Russia invaded their country are still going strong! by Beanbag_Ninja
If you're in a militia, not the military, it makes sense. I assume they could still get drafted into the military proper, but local defence of Kyiv or other cities far from the front is not as pressing of a need as last year.