The Monkees, spelled correctly, probably.

I don't get what you mean by "out of phase". Gravity is exceedingly weak at the atomic scale, it can be safely ignored.

Atoms feel van der Waals attraction. It's a very weak interaction, but billions of billions times stronger than gravity at this scale still. It will get even noble gases into a crystal when there's sufficiently little motion.

Sure. That is the electronic temperature. I was coming from the perspective of a classical point-particle picture and the kinetic, not thermodynamic, definition of temperature.

That would define the electronic temperature, not the temperature of the atom in the classical, point particle picture.

It doesn't. You need internal degrees of freedom to define temperature. An isolated atom has zero internal degrees of freedom due to Galilean invariance.

On LSD you choose the hue.

Thanks for the correction.

At low temperatures the thermal energy is too low to overcome the activation energy barrier required for the defect to migrate.

The charge cancels out, but that doesn't mean they can't stay put. Imagine a positive charge in the middle of a triangle and three smaller identical negative charges in the corners, for instance.

In reality it's a bit more complex than that. Electrons are fermions, and that means that they experience so-called Pauli repulsion. This is what prevents two atoms from falling on top of one another, and what prevents you from inserting your hand into the table. On top of that there are dynamical electromagnetic effects, known as dispersion, that lead to electromagnetic attraction even between uncharged objects. For instance two atoms of argon, both neutral, will attract one another unless they are very close to one another.

In an iron lattice the cohesion is due to the electrons stabilizing the nuclei.