Only very slightly. I read a study on this, and they found that the effect is almost too small to measure, affecting only odors that were barely perceptible in the first place.

This might be because it's nearly impossible for a person to be truly flat and immobile for long enough. They'll turn their head, lift it sightly from the pillow, etc., and even small shifts like that would affect fluid movements.

Then you get some bored grad student who doesn't read the signs, goes to put a liter jar of antineutrons in the wrong cabinet, and causes a massive explosion that destroys half the continent.

It's not a different signal, but it comes in on a different nerve.

You don't have just one nerve that senses your whole arm. The nerve that senses a touch on your shoulder is separate from the ones that senses touch on your elbow, or your fingertips, or anywhere else on your arm. Your brain knows where you were touched because of which nerve gets activated.

If you bend it too far, you have passed the elastic limit. It is no longer undergoing elastic deformation, but instead, plastic deformation.

In that mode, you are applying enough force to overcome the atoms' tendency to stay put. Some of the atoms get moved out of place, and rearrange into new places in the crystal structure. They settle into places that are lower energy in the object's bent shape.

Once the crystal structure is deformed, and new atomic bonds form, those new bonds replace the old ones. The object's new shape is the lowest energy configuration, and that is now the shape it wants to stay in.

CDC still recommends you get the shingles vaccine when you turn 50. We don't yet have proof that the chicken pox vaccine protects for your whole lifespan. It hasn't been around long enough to be sure, and we know that some kinds of immunity wane as the years pass.

> You have a high pressure helium tank, closed, but connected to a large empty balloon, underwater. You open the tank and fill the balloon with a significant volume (should work if enough pressure in the tank). Will the system start floating?

If the balloon is big enough, yes.

Exactly the same thing will happen as if you do it in normal air. Imagine hooking up a very high pressure helium tank to a blimp, and inflating the blimp, so that it takes off with the tank attached.

30 days is the usual quoted upper limit of ECMO, but that's an estimate. Some patients can survive much longer on it, into the hundreds of days. There's a published report of one patient who was on ECMO for 605 days, and survived to recover.

Now that you understand that part, I'll admit I was oversimplifying slightly.

Vasoconstriction is happening all around the region of injury. It's not really affecting just that big artery in the wrist. It's affecting all the little arteries and arterioles near the wound.

Constriction proximal to the injury will reduce blood flow to it, no matter how far proximal. It will work even if it's just happening in the arterioles a few centimeters or millimeters away from the injury.

That's what they mean by "at the injury site."

It reduces blood pressure very locally at the site of the injury, increasing it elsewhere.

Imagine you have a cut on your hand. In response, the arteries in your wrist constrict. That constriction means they become narrower pipes, which means blood cannot flow through them as easily, which in turn means there is less blood inside your hand. Therefore, the blood pressure specifically in your hand decreases.

Vasoconstriction shrinks the size of blood vessels.

It does not change the amount of blood inside your body.

If you make a container smaller, but keep the same amount of fluid inside, the walls of the container press harder against that fluid. That is the same as saying the pressure goes up.