I used to only scroll my feed right before falling asleep. I seriously wondered if it was like a sleep hallucination.

Does anyone remember when this happened on Facebook? About 9 years ago, I remember a ton of really disturbing content came and went out of no where.

Done with this sub. Zero discussion of solutions, just poorly formulated whining.

I don't think that's teachable. The best current society can do is scare tactics, mostly in the form of religion. Either you chase that sort of thing, or it's a non-issue for you.

What is "cytosolic signal impedance"? This is the first time I have come across this term.

The cellular mechanism of action of insulin can generally be grouped under a "second messenger system". This means that the signal its self (initiated by the insulin molecule) does not actually enter into the cell, but is transduced from the outside to a signal cascade on the inside (cytosolic side).

As such, a receptor system will have an extracellular component, a transmembrane component, and a cytosolic component. Cytosolic impedance (of the insulin signal) can occur as a function of the expression of a particular factor (protein) which interferes with the signal transduction on the cytosolic side of the receptor.

If you want to read the nitty gritty, here is a decent reference:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK378978/

Oh, I understand, so the impairments in beta cell function are a secondary, later, consequence of insulin insensitivity, which typically is at first driven by... what exactly?

Beta cells are thought to be impaired by an autoimmune (or autoimmune like) attack on beta cells, though I think this is still up for debate. If they get taken out, you do not secret insulin, this is often a characteristic of a type 1 diabetic (vs. a type 2 in which you tend to see a decrease in the sensitivity down stream, in some cases as described above.)

There's a chance you're conflating two different concepts. Peripheral insulin insensitivity is often a function of peripheral insulin receptor expression and/or cytosolic signal impedance. Exercise may improve this in a couple ways, including the "insulin like effect" of contracting skeletal muscle as mentioned above: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537322/ to be clear though, this mechanism is not sufficient to completely replace pancreatic secretion, otherwise exercising type 1 diabetics wouldn't need to take insulin.

Pancreatic signaling for the release of insulin, the ability to release insulin via beta cells, and the production of viable insulin would be separate mechanisms with their own pathologies.

That being said, one does run a higher risk of a GI bleed while on anticoagulants based on various risk factors.

Beta blockers work a bit too systemically to cause a specific issue in the gut, though nadolol does have a niche in treating portal hypertension.

That's a pretty good second string time in my opinion