9 is starting to get old for a dog, though most breeds don’t die at that age. It’s like being 60 for a human: dropping dead probably won’t happen for awhile but health problems tend to start piling up and some people do die of natural causes.

The main thing is being aware when you’re making a judgement that’s unearned. Then, you try to balance it with something more positive.

“That person looks homeless, I bet they’re a lazy drug addict”

—> That person has probably had a very hard life and probably wishes they had the skill and opportunity needed to change their circumstances

“You have to be stupid to end up stuck serving pizza at her age”

—> Not everyone has access to quality education, even if they’re plenty smart enough to succeed

“My friend is such a childish geek, watching kids’ cartoons all the time.”

—>My friend has a harmless hobby and even if it’s unusual, there’s nothing with that

Remember: it’s not your first thoughts that define you, it’s your second thoughts. If you don’t buy into the judgements that spring into your head, they don’t mean anything.

I think it’s this one: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilobolus

No, if you put it in a harness or crate you do not need another person with you.

If you have a passenger, you don’t need to have your dog in a crate or harness because the passenger can prevent the dog from crawling onto the driver’s lap and causing an accident

The reporter read it wrong, the dog only needs supervision by a non-driver if they aren’t in a harness or crate

The reporter read it wrong, the dog only needs supervision by a non-driver if they aren’t in a harness or crate

The reporter read it wrong, the dog only needs supervision by a non-driver if they aren’t in a harness or crate

The reporter read it wrong, the dog only needs supervision by a non-driver if they aren’t in a harness or crate

I found the actual text of the bill concerning restraining/supervising a dog in the car which everyone is freaking out over:

2. A dog being transported in a motor vehicle on a public roadway must be: (a) Secured in a crate that is an appropriate size for the dog; (b) Restrained safely with a harness or pet seat belt, other than a neck restraint, designed for use in a motor vehicle; or (c) Under the physical control of a person other than the operator of the motor vehicle.

So you only need a non-driver to supervise the dog if it’s not in a harness or crate

We all have different bodies and brains. Differences in vocal cords, tongue, teeth, and lungs can affect speech, but the brain is the main part. The brain is why lots of people can do foreign accents or impressions but still have a natural speaking pattern separate from those. We pick up our unique way of speaking as children as we learn to talk. Baby babble mostly sounds the same, but by the time kids speak in full sentences they have a much more individual voice. As they grow, kids pick up expressions, vocabulary, and vocal quirks that further separates each kid from their peers.

Adding salt makes it colder but it would cause the cooler to reach room temperature slightly faster. The rate at which something heats up depends on the difference in temperature between the object and its surroundings—very cold objects heat up quickly at first, then heating slows down as they approach room temperature. Melting ice uses up heat energy to break the bonds holding the ice together as a solid.

When you add salt, the ice absorbs all the heat energy it already has in order to break those bonds, which causes the temperature to drop below the normal freezing point. The resulting water is colder than the ice it came from and the water conducts heat better than ice, so the water warms up quickly until it gets warmer.

When you don’t add salt, the temperature will pause at 32F/0C until all the ice is melted. When the ice absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, that energy goes to changing the ice into water instead of increasing the temperature. The ice will absorb heat at a slower rate than the super cooled salt water because the ice is warmer than the salt water and because ice doesn’t conduct heat as easily as water does.

There’s also the issue of the invasive placenta, another issue caused by big brains—the human placenta has blood vessels that burrow into the uterine lining to get maximum oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood supply. This can easily go wrong—too invasive and the placenta can cause bleeding and/or the placenta getting stuck, to little and the embryo can’t develop normally.

First at the aquarium. Seahorses, seadragons, etc. always have the male carrying the fertilized eggs internally until the babies are ready to swim free

Only female ligers are fertile, males are sterile. This is part of why we still consider lions and tigers to be different species not subspecies

It’s possible that some bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are important for keeping gut bacteria in check, though it might be hard to prove that one way or another.

Alternatively, there are parts of the human genome that are theorized to have originally come from viral DNA, so if you count those as viruses still, they are very essential.

Assuming you’re in the US, you can charge whatever, with a few limitations

-You cannot jack up prices on essentials during a state of emergency (no doubling the price of food as people are stocking up for a big hurricane, for example)

-If you have a contract to provide a good/service at a predetermined price, you cannot increase the price for whoever you contracted with while the contract is in effect

-certain goods/services like some utilities and some types of insurance may have a cap on the percentage of profit the company can take or a minimum on the percentage of the cost that goes towards the actual service (under the ACA, 80% of medical insurance premiums must go to paying for medical treatment; electric companies can only take a certain percentage of profit off of infrastructure investments and must otherwise provide electricity at cost).

-Most monopolies are illegal (so you cannot buy all the toothpaste companies and then charge $50 for a tube of toothpaste once your competition is gone)

I think that’s pretty much it. Anything else? Go nuts.

With our current technology, you need to take a piece of brain and run tests on it to diagnose CTE—the symptoms are too similar to other types of dementia to differentiate CTE in any other way. You can’t take a piece of brain without doing serious damage, so doctors don’t do that to living people.

No significant magnetic fields. Any animal that produces electric current will produce a corresponding magnetic field, but it wouldn’t be strong enough or directed enough to be noticeable or useful for the creature.

Let me try a 3 year old version:

-Trees with big leaves go through cycles every year where they lose their leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring. Trees with skinny needles instead of big leaves don’t do this.

-The winter weather is too cold for the leaves, so the tree doesn’t need leaves in the winter

-The tree makes the leaves drop off because by the time winter is over, the leaves would be too damaged to use and the tree would need to make new leaves anyway.

Trees change color because they are taking back the green chlorophyll, leaving behind only the yellow/orange/red pigments behind. It’s part of the process of going dormant for winter.

It is expensive for trees to operate in the winter in temperate climates. There’s less sun to use, there’s less water available since trees can’t access water that’s frozen solid. To keep leaves working through the winter, trees would need to produce something to prevent freezing and continuously repair damage while getting a reduced benefit from the leaves. Keeping leaves is also a risk when there’s snow or freezing rain because the leaves catch the precipitation and that can cause the tree to break if the load becomes too heavy.

Pine trees and other evergreens get around this problem with a combination of different adaptations. The needle shaped leaves lose less water and catch less snow. The branches are arranged in a way that lets snow roll off more easily. The sap has components that serve as antifreeze. Combined, these let evergreens keep operating through the winter.

Deciduous trees instead maximize efficiency in the warmer months and go dormant through the winter. Deciduous tree leaves and branches maximize the amount of sun they get with big flat leaves and branches that spread far from the trunk and as high up as possible. This lets deciduous trees take full advantage of the sun’s energy when it’s strongest.

When temperatures drop and the days shorten, trees detect that and produce a plant hormone called ethylene. Ethylene signals the leaves to stop growing, break down their chlorophyll and send nutrients back to the tree, then die. At the same time, a plant hormone called Abscisic acid (ABA) starts to form an abscission layer—a small area at the base of the leaf that’s designed to break easily and cleanly so that the leaf drops without breaking anything in the twig. Once the tree has retrieved any nutrients it can from the leaf and the abscission layer is complete, the leaf will drop without much force. A gust of wind or a change in temperature or a little rain will snap off the dead leaf on the breakable abscission layer.