>There's also the illusive "chapter 13" which is where you eliminate debt through a repayment plan

Chapter 13 applies to individuals, not businesses. It's referred to as an 'individual debt adjustment"

There's also Chapter 9 that applies to municipalities, and a few other types that are fact-specific.

>He honestly seems to think US law applies everywhere AND he doesn't seem to realize the EU is fucking slow, but they do levy actual punishments even Elon is gonna feel (especially having lost so much wealth), and they have every reason in the world to fuck over the rich American ignoring their laws.

I think you're giving him too much credit. Chances are excellent he's simply never been in a position he couldn't pay/buy his way out of.

Now, he is, and he has absolutely no idea what to do when his defense of "But I'm Elon Musk, this rule doesn't apply to me" doesn't work.