Gross pay is just under $80k, so that seems correct. Since you are paid biweekly, you will have two months where you get three paychecks instead of two. If you were paid bimonthly, your paychecks would be slightly higher.

High is relative. Regular savings accounts pay something like 0.01%. HYSAs are tied to the federal rate, so even 0.3%, which is what they were about a year ago is 30x higher.

APY is the annual yield, so $100 at 4.15% will yield $4.15/12 per month ~$0.36/month. The penalty for breaking a CD early will depend on the bank you purchased it from. I don't think you should lose any principle, but will likely lose a certain number of months worth of interest.

Can you try setting up different accounts for different budget categories? Fund them as you have money and then your husband can check those accounts to see if there's anything to spend.

You would probably be better served by booking a couple of sessions with a fee only financial planner. Go over what you've been doing what your future goals are and they can help you lay out a plan to get there.