Submitted by savol_ t3_ytiy3c in space

As of right now, it would take about 80,000 years to reach Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our solar system. In the future, do you think we will come up with some sort of way to travel these vast distances and enter other star systems, or are we trapped in our own system for ever?

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Ilikelamp7 t1_iw4d3o3 wrote

Not in this lifetime. Just something we can hope for with future generations. And when I say future I mean distant future.

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savol_ OP t1_iw4dt39 wrote

Sometimes I wish I wasn’t born so early.

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Venik489 t1_iw4nsyo wrote

Born too late to discover new continents, born too early to explore the universe.

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shokage t1_iw4shac wrote

You won’t die from a small cut or bad diarrhea. At least we’re in the age of modern medicine

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sirencow t1_iw6q659 wrote

I always wish I had been born in the 1870s to 90s.

Just the right time to see humanity in its raw form and experience technology/modernity as an adult

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ChiSandTwitch t1_iw4h9qb wrote

To me, I'm gutted I was born too late. We reached the fucking moon man!!! That was the vert first step, literally, and I missed it by 14 years

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Devil-sAdvocate t1_iw8vaj5 wrote

Homo sapiens have lived about 12,000 generations.

I feel I got pretty lucky to have timed been born when mankind advanced enough to figure out how things in space work and land on the moon.

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Dunkleustes t1_ixrmcn8 wrote

I kind of imagine it like 200 years ago people saying "man I was born too early, in the distant future people might be flying in the air".

I bet if we lived during that time we would view space travel as mundane and common occurrence, kind of how we view modern aircraft now.

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buckphifty150150 t1_iw5v2m6 wrote

I think it would take a reason to have to leave earth and we as a species would survive on a ship of some sort

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Apprehensive-Sea888 t1_iw5c307 wrote

I understand where all the pessimism comes from. We’re a fear devouring civilization right now. But if we look a what we have achieved in the last 100 years, I beg to differ. Through all the world wars and major battles we’ve still managed to progress. I think we’ll continue to learn and evolve. Solving many problems that seem to be show stoppers today. Will it happen in my lifetime? Nope. But everyday in small labs and countless universities there are breakthroughs and progress. Regardless if one country is beating the hell out of another. And it won’t stop. There will be setbacks and hurdles to cross and yet we seem to find a way. It won’t happen over night. Baby steps, and eventually we’ll be able to develop platforms and propulsion systems that don’t rely on the limiting factors those in use today suffer from. It might be completely bogus but for me the Kardashev theory resonates. Pie in the sky? Maybe. Look what they said to Orville and Wilbur. Not that long ago. Cheer up lads and lasses, the end is not here. But just the beginning. Just my humble opinion.

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daikatana t1_iw4fmdg wrote

Eventually, probably, but not within any foreseeable future. Transhumanism might be involved, so "mankind" might be a bit of a gray area.

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AshFromTheStands t1_iw6wngv wrote

It’s our chemical makeup that is the big limiter, for now, and any foreseeable future. At the point where we can be separate from our body made of meat, yet still be sentient, then and only then can we make long distances and time become compressed.

The human body will always have an expiration. The mind, however, may be able to exist eternally.

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horseback_heroism t1_iw4fxp4 wrote

I don't think humans will be able to do it, not in the near future (on a cosmic level, that would mean the next millenium?). The world will look vastly different then, and maybe we will have figured out a way to dispatch androids on voyages that will last thousands of years, but I don't think generation ships will ever be considered a safe or useful idea. After all, any human-comandeered ship that is sent out an any point in time, will be overtaken by the next human-comandeered ship that is sent out, making the first one absolutely useless (due to advancements in travel speed). That said, I wonder if things like warp drives or wormholes are even physically possible, that would drastically change the way we think about space travel.

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ExtonGuy t1_iw4ot4u wrote

How about AI controlled ships, with human germ plasma in cold storage, and artificial wombs? There have already been a few sci-fi stories that have touched on this.

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Evening_Team t1_iw5n7k6 wrote

We don't have knowledge or technology yet to permanently colonize anyplace that is extraterrestrial. An entire robust, sustainable environment suitable for humans would have to be transplanted. We must understand and fix the environment for human life on Earth first.

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ironregime t1_iw50dfv wrote

“any human-comandeered ship that is sent out an any point in time, will be overtaken by the next human-comandeered ship that is sent out, making the first one absolutely useless)”

But doesnt that defeat the idea of scientific advancement? If no one had ever bothered to build a rowboat, we’d never have developed the steamship.

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thirdeyefish t1_iw5afj3 wrote

Have you read any Asimov?

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Evening_Team t1_iw5npap wrote

It is mostly a waste of time to read the fantasies of so many others. Learning the sciences and mankind's own true history is a rich enough project.

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DreamChaserSt t1_iw4gug3 wrote

Yes. Humanity has only been traveling to space for less than a century. And 80,000 years or so to Proxma is only if you rely on chemical rockets, but even just fission based propulsion can cut it down to under 10,000 years. And that's on the pessimistic side of things, it's quite possible we could reach other stars in under a millennia, or close to a century, with nuclear technology fairly close to what we have today.

The big thing holding us back is infrastructure and manufacturing in space that has the capacity to construct the likes of an interstellar vessel. For that to be possible, we need low cost, frequent transportation to orbit. And we're steadily moving towards that already. This century is likely going to be a transition period from spaceflight as a highly specialized and risky field, to a widespread place of work, still specialized and risky, but not as much as today.

But bottom line, I don't believe we'll be limited in the solar system, or on Earth. In any case, there's a lot we can do here. And it'll be quite some time before we exhaust everything, by which point, interstellar travel may be as difficult as putting together an interplanetary mission now.

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Anderopolis t1_iw4nn1s wrote

If we make it to an interplanetary civilization we will make it to an interstellar one aswell, i am sure of it.

Once you have a big enough spin habitat ain't nothing stopping you from acellerating it somewhere new.

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whelanbio t1_iw69elk wrote

Yes, but there's a few prerequisite technologies that we need to figure out before it will happen.

The key tech in my mind is:

  • Fusion energy
  • Near complete mastery of bioengineering
  • Major space manufacturing

Need fusion energy for propulsion and powering the habitat.

Bioengineering is a catch all here for mastery of genetics and gene editing, artificial wombs, construction of artificial ecosystems, organism engineering, suspending animation, etc. We'll need to engineer ourselves and the things we wan't to eat to do well in low gravity and high radiation among other things. Extending lifespan into the 200+ year range and/or making suspending animation possible will help with motivating people to make the journey. Probably need artificial wombs as I can see pregnancy and birth on a spaceship being an issue.

Need to be able to build a big ship AND fix it along the way. If you're gonna have a self sustaining population of humans on this thing thats a huge ship with tons of redundancy needed for every system. You can't realistically build that by launching a bunch of little things into space on separate rockets, probably need asteroid mining and automated in-orbit construction around Earth or the moon. You also need to bring this capability with you if you want to do anything meaningful at your destination.

Basically once we're at a point where a lot of people already live in big o'neill cylinders around Earth some group of adventurous/crazy people will stick a few fusion rocket engines on one and head for the stars. It'll be good that they're already in a self-sustaining space habitat because the planet they go to is likely to suck, and they're gonna spend another 1000+ years in orbit seeing if von neumann probe-type robots and engineered microbes can get the planet somewhat livable.

Probably 100+ years before any human interstellar journey can even be considered.

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Dry_Operation_9996 t1_iw4jo7y wrote

We'll have a colony there in less than five hundred years.

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bluesmiley05 t1_iw82nxi wrote

Our sun is a "main sequence star" means it is in a phase where its burning its hydrogen, after all hydrogen is burnt and core is all helium, it moves to next stage of Red giant star and kills all planets around it including earth. We have 1 billion years till we reach there.

Is 1 billion or 1000 million years enough ? To give your some perspective, after homo sapiens evolved, humans didn't discover fire for 2 million years. After fire, in 200k years we move to 0 year (current start of AD or BC years). Out of past 2000, just 500 yrs ago Galileo discovered that earth revolves around sun. Earliest radio signals in space were just 70 - 80 yrs ago.

You can say, we have just started. We have plenty of time, we might reach out of solar system. Will democracy and politics allow us to reach there, that's another debate.

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RedmakesItgoFasta t1_iw4dwkv wrote

With the way mankind is heading, we haven't learnt to put petty differences aside and work together in crafting a better society that would put us on a path of a unified goal which will bring real advancement in space travel that allows us to travel to other solar system harnessing what we find and bringing mankind to the peak of its achievements However capitalism might be the idealogy that will fuel said advancement but to the detriment of mankind and society as a whole into a singular use looked as purely labour for a deeply ingrained class based society in the future. In my view, hive cities that was what kowloon city was before it was destroyed.

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Evening_Team t1_iw5p7jd wrote

Capitalism is a greed-driven social system of resource consumption oriented toward building "wealth" (defined in terms of money) for individuals, so faster consumption produces correspondingly more privately owned wealth for cleverly managed enterprises, as opposed to conserving and/or improving resource sustenance that rewards everyone (including future persons) suitably.

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RedmakesItgoFasta t1_iw5qe3t wrote

If I may, I believe you might be referring to Late Stage Capitalism from its current state. Capitalism done right would have paved the way for self sustaining system of renewable resource use that would gear us as a spesies to the space faring age.... unfortunately certain aspects like education and social engineering these days in the current capitalistic system has degreased us as a spesies to where we are now and thus putting the ambiguity in whether we would even reach it a possibility...

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[deleted] t1_iw4n1rd wrote

I think we wait until artificial wombs are perfected. Then, we send many many many frozen embryos with autonomous robots programmed with ai and a nuclear powered ship. When a habitable planet is found, the embryos that will be most adaptable for the planet are put in the oven and that first generation is raised by robots, along with useful animals that are adapted for the environment. It would be an ark of sorts. The whole of human knowledge would be included on computers so that they wouldn't destroy themselves with religion and magical thinking. They would understand science and nature from the beginning.

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sterexx t1_iw5suyg wrote

That’s a pretty wild fate to just assign to a baby

ethics might be more flexible when it comes to ensuring the continuation of humanity though

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ExtonGuy t1_iw4pkbu wrote

I agree with most of that, except the religion part. I think the first wave of ark ships will be motivated by religious thoughts. Probably even more “religious” than the worst of todays groups. “We have to populate the galaxy before the infidels!”

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-BlackWizard- t1_iw5y2nz wrote

Minus the religion part.

Ahh, what a world that would be... Where only religion of humans will be humanity. And science will be the real education.

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Hadrollo t1_iw5yzqx wrote

Yes, provided that we don't kill ourselves off in the next few thousand years. We don't see any known limitations in physics. Most of the technology required is what we already have but better. Once we improve technology to the point we can travel interstellar, it's just a matter of the human will.

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AlexSanc1 t1_iwvkx3u wrote

I think it is highly dependent on how technological advances occur. 150 years ago, heavier than air travel was believed to be impossible. 200 years ago, it was believed rail travel would throw people’s organs out of their body. 700 years ago large parts of the world didn’t believe there was anything beyond Europe, Africa, and Asia.

The biggest hurdles will be energy, time, and willpower. We will likely need to have technologies like miniaturized fusion reactors, better radiation and impact shielding, and either better fuel sources or faster propulsion systems.

I think it is possible we will eventually travel outside the solar system. But I also think it will not occur within the next few hundred years, and will likely initially occur via miniaturized space probes with no humans for a decent period after that.

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toolsforconviviality t1_iw4fbay wrote

Project Breakthrough Starshot estimates a 20-30 year timeline for reaching Alpha Centauri. There are some material science challenges to overcome but the biggest barrier is funding. https://astronomy.com/magazine/news/2021/06/breakthrough-starshot-a-voyage-to-the-stars-within-our-lifetimes

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termsofsurrender t1_iw4opnr wrote

The biggest barrier is the technology doesn't exist. But it may be achievable as it's not totally outside our grasp.

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toolsforconviviality t1_iw6wirv wrote

The biggest barrier is funding. The project has outlined the design and made recommendtions on the materials improvements required; such improvements would be inevitable with appropriate funding. However, the project wasn't funded to build and launch; it was only funded to answer a question posed by the billionaire who paid for it, that question essentially being: is it possible to reach our nearest neighbouring star system in my lifetime? The answer to that question was answered and promoted by the likes of Avi Loeb and Stephen Hawking: with adequate funding, yes.

Video of Hawking stating we can reach Alpha Centauri in a generation:

https://youtu.be/c02tYKUGUNM

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[deleted] t1_iwfluw5 wrote

[deleted]

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toolsforconviviality t1_iwfpeuw wrote

Hardly, unless you're aware of limitations the project scientists aren't. You can see the current challenges (not akin to your analogy), listed on the initiative's site though, while challenging, are deemed to be, "based on technology either already available or likely to be attainable in the near future under reasonable assumptions."

"No ‘dealbreakers’ have been identified by the team of expert scientists and engineers leading the program."

https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/challenges/3

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NotAHamsterAtAll t1_iw4fl2y wrote

I don't think humans will ever leave this solar system.

There is nothing indicating that anything but slow-boating is possible, and it is meaningless for humans to do such a thing.

Of course we will invent immortality and self-aware AI first, as neither of those are particularly difficult compared to interstellar space travel.

So when we have both immortality and self-aware AI, we will send something out that won't get bored to pieces for 1000 years while waiting to arrive at the nearest star system.

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TheFramptonator t1_iw4fztk wrote

I would like to think so, our constant pursuit of exploration will eventually lead us to distant worlds. I do personally believe that humanity will reach out amongst the stars as they say.

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Siellus t1_iw4ifna wrote

Highly unlikely. It might if we ever get to a point where we discover insanely fast interstellar travel.

But the unfortunate fact is that we do not prioritize discoveries like that. We do not fund the necessary technologies or research anywhere near enough.

We're very much a "oh someone's discovered it? Buy buy buy buy, invest invest invest - Own all the patents so nobody else can profit off of it. Good now we try to fuck everyone we can out of ever using this technology without paying a fortune"

I Don't see it ever happening, We're far more likely to build a bomb out of it somehow and blowing ourselves up.

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johndburger t1_iw4t10y wrote

We don’t need “insanely fast” speeds. We just need a technology that produces a constant thrust. Proxima Centauri is less than four years away (ship time) at one gravity.

Edit to remove first sentence. 1G of thrust will eventually get you to insanely fast speeds of course.

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Siellus t1_iw4ut4h wrote

Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years away - There's no possible way your math checks out. You would need to be travelling at Light speed the entire length of the trip to get there within 4 years, You're also completely neglecting time required to slow down, which would be significant.

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hardervalue t1_iw59vy5 wrote

1G of thrust is impossible to maintain for long without millions of times more energy than humans have ever generated during the entirety of human history. The most dense amount of energy possible is antimatter, which we've only created nano-grams of at a cost that would extrapolate to $67 trillion per gram.

And if the math on this page is correct,

https://www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Relativity/SR/rocket.html

for every ton of ship & payload you want to send to Proxima Centauri you need 10 tons of antimatter to get there and 37 tons to actually slow down to visit instead of flying right by. The reason for the difference is the tyranny of the rocket equation, which means every ton of fuel you add to try to go faster increases the amount of fuel you need to get to the same speed because you also have to accelerate that additional fuel And that assumes 100% perfect engine efficiency, which is unlikely.

In reality solar sails driven by huge lasers is going to be an important part of travel to nearby stars because it avoids the tyranny of the rocket equation.

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Evening_Team t1_iw5gyiu wrote

So that entails, to make a mission to an exoplanet that's more than making flyby measurements, a deconstructed (on Earth) and self-reconstructing exploration entity must be beamed to that exoplanet in many millions of pieces. Solar sail-transported pan-technospermia. So be it .. that is, if the road map for making something more robust definitely indicates that many further decades of development are required.

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ExtonGuy t1_iw4odo0 wrote

“Forever” is a long time. I suggest 10 - 20 years to Mars, another 50 to the asteroid belt, then another 100 to Jupiter, etc. By the year 3500, humans will around Pluto. After that, some rich religious group might put together a generational starship, to go out to infinity (“… and beyond!”)

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themonkeymoo t1_iw4vkx8 wrote

That mostly depends on whether or not matter with negative mass can exist in this universe. If it can, then the Alcubierre drive is possible (once the insane power requirements are resolved). If not, then he best that we know is definitely possible is around 0.1C. That gives us a transit time of 10 years per light-year, or around 40 years to the Centauri system. That's with Project Orion (a rocket-like vessel powered by literal fusion explosions).
So unless we can significantly increase the fraction of C it would probably be literally a once-in-a-lifetime thing, if that, for most people.

There are some theoretical possibilities, like replacing the fusion explosions with antimatter explosions (or even some sort of actual antimatter rocket) or the Alcubierre drive. Both of them require currently-unattainable quantities of special materials.

Any sort of antimatter-powered vessel capable of carrying people is going to have a mass measured in thousands of kg (probably many of them) and will require facilities for either storage or in-situ production of similar mass of antimatter for a given trip. Somewhere around 0.2C is where the payload:fuel mass ratio hits 1:1 (assuming in-situ production isn't an option, and of course making assumptions about the maximum efficiency of the engine).
We can currently only make antimatter as individual subatomic particles in particle accelerators, and our current facilities aren't designed for that. With current tech, a facility optimized for it could supposedly make about 20 grams/year. That means 1 tonne (1000 kg) would be 50,000 facility-years of antimatter production with today's technology. I think it is highly likely that this will change in the future and we will actually be able to produce enough to use as an exotic power source for special applications. I suspect that the energy cost to produce it will always remain prohibitive compared to other manufactured fuels, but I'm also sure that at some point our energy production capacity will (eventually) trivialize that by brute force.

As for the Alcubierre drive (which would theoretically allow travel faster than C), it's dependent on a hypothetical type of exotic matter that has negative mass. It isn't used as a fuel, but to generate the negative gravity well on one side of the "warp" field. We literally don't know if such matter can even exist in this universe. It's mathematically predicted by some symmetries, but that doesn't necessarily mean it actually exists. That could simply mean that something else is missing from our models. At any rate, even with the Alcubierre drive generating the field, there still needs to be some kind of energy source to empower the drive, and it takes a lot of power. We're talking planetary masses' worth of fuel even for hypothetical antimatter reactors (and I mean gas giants).

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Vagabond_Grey t1_iw505hy wrote

Not any time soon. It'll be centuries requiring steadfast support from the political class. Good luck with that.

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jigglywigglydigaby t1_iw53i9f wrote

I'd like to hope....but I feel it'd take a massive amount of human suffering, like another world war, for mankind to get past foolish squabbles and work towards expanding our horizons.

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thirdeyefish t1_iw5aasv wrote

You are forgetting generation ships, ships meant to deliver the distant descendants to far away worlds. Of course, over those scales they might not make it. Or they could thrive under a sense of unity made necessary by the known nature of their craft. They may even choose to stay in space at a certain point. This topic is where you get the good sci-fi.

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hardervalue t1_iw5ajbr wrote

It will happen, a big question is whether the first crews go willingly since it will certainly take many decades if not centuries.

The most likely vehicle is a solar sail like project starshot is based on. It would have to be enormous in size, very efficient, and we'd have to create ginormous lasers to accelerate it. And it would have to spend most of the voyage slowing in order to actually make orbit. For Alpha Centauri, which is a three star system it may need to fly very close to Centauri C (the closest star) and blow past it to do the same to the other two to slow down make orbit around one of them.

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TheTrueXato t1_iw6hzxi wrote

No. Unless we can discover a new material used for either fuel or in the building material, the sheer amount of energy it takes us to even leave our atmosphere is tremendous. And that's not even getting into how you could even travel that far with a limited crew. They'd all die off because everything thought up to preserve us for long space travel is still fiction.
We cannot get around the physics of it all.

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MickJof t1_iw6nlaj wrote

No and I hope I'm right. I don't even want us to colonize Mars or anything for that matter. Man has already messed up Earth and I don't want us messing up other worlds as well.

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DexLetLoose t1_iw6pllj wrote

Yeah probably, and we'll need fossil fuels to do it🤷‍♂️

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softpointjp t1_iw77b6x wrote

When we solve the riddle of dark matter and dark energy, we might solve the speed of light limitation. That would lead us out of the solar system. There hope

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DuffyDomino t1_iw7dtpn wrote

Not as a human.

How do you think we got here? Our DNA will travel.

Another race did just that.

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AhRedditAhHumanity t1_iw7ob7h wrote

I think warp drives have real potential. The theory seems sound, just requires a ton of energy to make it work. I could see it happening soon-ish if it becomes a priority.

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Fuzakenaideyo t1_iw7tvuf wrote

I don't think mankind will develop ftl or utilize wormholes but I could settle for utilizing what's in the Solar System to build outer space outposts & refueling stations & ship building factories in outside of Earth's gravity well to eventually create generation ships capable of eventually taking humanity outside our solar system & eventually to other galaxies

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MrAmbitionist t1_iwb4fh7 wrote

We can't even handle our own planet and you're still talkin about interstellar travel. I can't travel to other countries without visa and tons of protocols and the only reason is the fictional borders which seperate us.

First of all we must stop being a monkey and evolve ourselves as a race, destroy our primitive ideas, believes, actions etc. then we can go to Alpha Centauri together.

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Mellevalaconcha t1_iwedl2j wrote

Tell the USA there's a planet made of oil at the edge of Sol and wait.

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Itay1708 t1_iwkog8e wrote

I'm sure we will, but i don't really know how it will turn into something regular, but perhaps we will have evolved into something unrecognizable by then.

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[deleted] t1_iw4e9yc wrote

[removed]

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themonkeymoo t1_iw50ymw wrote

Yup; we *only* need to find something we aren't certain can even exist.

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bottomburrrp t1_iw4mlx7 wrote

If we survive any extinction event that happens between now and then, and dont blow ourselves to hell first.

While almost everything that happens on our plannet is done to profit the wealthy i dont have high hopes.

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BreakingtheBreeze t1_iw4ojw6 wrote

Maybe communications will be set up in a way to control a drone lightyears away near instantaneously and this will become the way we explore.

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D0MSBrOtHeR t1_iw4spbx wrote

I believe it’s doable. But doing so requires technology and modifications that would basically make us Demi gods.

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Independent-Cod3150 t1_iw5zt8i wrote

Mankind? No. Our creations? Perhaps.

Biological humanity will never escape this system, but intelligent machines could colonize the galaxy in a million years. It's one reason why we know that there are no super-advanced civilizations currently residing within our galaxy, +/- 1 million years.

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VincentTuring t1_iw676ms wrote

Voyager 1 will leave the solar system in roughly 20,000 years so you could say humanity will leave the solar system but if you're talking about a human leaving it could happen but it wouldn't be for long long long time.

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lMDOW t1_iw4fe71 wrote

I sadly believe human race will go exist pretty much before that could happen. I hope at least we can become a multiplanetary species.

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ziperhead944 t1_iw4hfu3 wrote

If we can get the radiation shielding down, I'd say we have a chance. Probably after the next extinction event.

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Aggravating-Ad-3918 t1_iw4iu8v wrote

As the sun orbits the galaxy other stars come as close as a light year every hundred thousand years or so. Humanity could send colony expeditions when the time is right.

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ArmageddonPills t1_iw4ug2x wrote

Not until we learn something new and different about physics.

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gwardotnet t1_iw4ye7d wrote

Never ever. Impossible. Yes, in the future too. Never

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raselralog t1_iw4eqxa wrote

Physically no. Not just no it's even impossible to travel that vast distance. Voyager spacecraft is nearly out of the solar system. But still not out completely from our solar system. It takes 23+ something hours to travel signals from/to Voyager and earth ( SPEED IN LIGHT-YEARS). so imagine what we've to achieve to travel in light speed.

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Evening_Team t1_iw5bxpu wrote

You don't seem to have really investigated the question. We're at the least talking about identifying the prerequisites for feasibility using today's level of knowledge and technology, some of which will be developed to become much more powerful in the next 100 years. Within that timeframe, for example, we can probably achieve economical fusion energy generation and large-scale mining of selected (mineral-rich) asteroids. On the other hand, I believe that today's claims about imminent AGIs are quite overblown.

A lot of human social engineering must take place to focus humanity's efforts toward extraterrestrial, much less interstellar, missions. When a critical mass of humanity comes to understand that those projects can "pay for themselves" with a "dividend" that enables building a much better Earth environment, I believe that humanity will have turned the corner toward perpetual terrestrial sustainability.

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raselralog t1_iw7qjr0 wrote

A while ago someone somewhere somehow said something like E=Mc2. Let's say you believe this. Can you share some knowledge that in near future how is it might be possible for us to travel in the speed of light? Forget we're going outside of our solar system for a moment. Just how the traveling in light speed is possible. You can send AI or whatever you like to send.

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carso150 t1_iwasakh wrote

alcubierre drives may be posible without the necesity of negative matter, this is of course still bleeding edge science but god knows how much technology will advanced in the next 100 years, take into account that 100 years ago space rockets looked like this

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